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Angular路由简单学习

小谢53 人气:0

现在非常流行单页面应用，传统都是通过ajax请求数据，前端拿到数据渲染到页面，这种无刷新的视图切换非常棒！但是致命的缺点就是刷新後无法保持原来的视图，解决此问题的一个方法是使用 hash，监听hashchange事件来进行视图切换，另一个方法是用HTML5的history API，通过pushState()记录操作历史，监听popstate事件来进行视图切换，也有人把这叫pjax技术。

现在开始介绍angular的$route！

 <!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="#aaa">首页</a>
 <a href="#bbb">内容</a>
 <a href="#ccc">标题</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>'
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>'
 }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){

}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>

上面的例子很简单， 除了用template之外还可以用templateUrl引入html的模板文件。

 在when传入控制器的指向，实现不同的页面显示不同的数据。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="#aaa">首页</a>
 <a href="#bbb">内容</a>
 <a href="#ccc">标题</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Bbb'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Ccc'
 }).otherwise({
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);

</script>
</body>
</html>
 

以事件的方式映射路由页面。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa')">首页</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Bbb'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Ccc'
 }).otherwise({
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location',function($scope,$location){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
 $scope.$location = $location;
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);

</script>
</body>
</html>
  

项目更复杂，页面相同(首页&index)，数据不同，需要对url进行传参。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/123')">首页</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a>
 <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/456')">index</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);
m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa/:num',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Aaa'
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Bbb'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',
  controller : 'Ccc'
 }).otherwise({
  redirectTo : '/aaa/:num'
 });
}]);

m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location','$routeParams',function($scope,$location,$routeParams){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';
 $scope.$location = $location;
 console.log($routeParams); //不同的数据
}]);
m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';
}]);
m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';
}]);
</script>
</body>
</html>

路由的事件监听。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>$route</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 <a href="#aaa">首页</a>
 <a href="#bbb">内容</a>
 <a href="#ccc">标题</a>
 <div ng-view></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);

m1.run(['$rootScope',function($rootScope){
 //路由切换之前触发的事件
 $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',function(event,current,pre){
  console.log(event);  //事件对象
  console.log(current); //路径对应的数据值
  console.log(pre);  //上一个路径
 });
}]);

m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{
  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>'
  //templateUrl : 'temp.html'
 }).when('/bbb',{
  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>'
 }).when('/ccc',{
  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>'
 }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行
  redirectTo : '/aaa'
 });
}]);
m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){

}]);

</script>
</body>
</html>
 

补充：angular事件的传播机制。

<div ng-controller="Aaa">
 {{count}}
 <div ng-controller="Aaa" ng-click="$emit('myEvent')">
  {{count}}
  <div ng-controller="Aaa">
   {{count}}
  </div>
 </div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var m1 = angular.module('myApp',[]);

m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){
 $scope.count = 0;
 $scope.$on('myEvent',function(e){
  //console.log(e.targetScope);  //当前的
  //console.log(e.currentScope); //目标的
  //console.log(e.name);   //事件名
  //e.stopPropagation();   //阻止冒泡
  $scope.count++;
 });
}]);
</script>

前面嵌套了三个controller，我们在中间的controller上绑定了click事件，使用$emit点击的时候，上面的controller也会触发事件。

如果是$broadcast点击就是往下传播。

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