Java 获取本机IP地址

时间:2022-06-03 dingwen_blog 人气:0

前言

在Java中如何准确的获取到本机IP地址呢？网上大部分的做法是InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()。这的确能获取到本机IP地址，但是是不准确的。因为忽略了一个问题，网络环境是多变的，一台计算机不同的网卡有多个IP地址，Lan、WiFi、蓝牙、热点、虚拟机网卡等。

一、规则

127.xxx.xxx.xxx 属于 “loopback” 地址，即只能你自己的本机可见，就是本机地址，比较常见的有 127.0.0.1
192.168.xxx.xxx 属于 private 私有地址 (site local address)，属于本地组织内部访问，只能在本地局域网可见
同样 10.xxx.xxx.xxx、从 172.16.xxx.xxx 到172.31.xxx.xxx 都是私有地址，也是属于组织内部访问
169.254.xxx.xxx 属于连接本地地址（link local IP），在单独网段可用
从 224.xxx.xxx.xxx 到 239.xxx.xxx.xxx 属于组播地址
比较特殊的 255.255.255.255 属于广播地址
除此之外的地址就是点对点的可用的公开 IPv4 地址

二、获取

1.使用

 public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {
        System.out.println( IpUtil.getLocalIp4Address().get().toString().replaceAll("/",""));
    }

2.工具类

package com.dingwen.test.utils;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
 * 获取本机IP 地址
 *
 * @author dingwen
 * 2021.04.28 11:49
 */
public class IpUtil {
    /*
     * 获取本机所有网卡信息   得到所有IP信息
     * @return Inet4Address>
     */
    public static List<Inet4Address> getLocalIp4AddressFromNetworkInterface() throws SocketException {
        List<Inet4Address> addresses = new ArrayList<>(1);
        // 所有网络接口信息
        Enumeration<NetworkInterface> networkInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(networkInterfaces)) {
            return addresses;
        }
        while (networkInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
            NetworkInterface networkInterface = networkInterfaces.nextElement();
            //滤回环网卡、点对点网卡、非活动网卡、虚拟网卡并要求网卡名字是eth或ens开头
            if (!isValidInterface(networkInterface)) {
                continue;
            }
            // 所有网络接口的IP地址信息
            Enumeration<InetAddress> inetAddresses = networkInterface.getInetAddresses();
            while (inetAddresses.hasMoreElements()) {
                InetAddress inetAddress = inetAddresses.nextElement();
                // 判断是否是IPv4，并且内网地址并过滤回环地址.
                if (isValidAddress(inetAddress)) {
                    addresses.add((Inet4Address) inetAddress);
                }
            }
        }
        return addresses;
    }
    /**
     * 过滤回环网卡、点对点网卡、非活动网卡、虚拟网卡并要求网卡名字是eth或ens开头
     *
     * @param ni 网卡
     * @return 如果满足要求则true，否则false
     */
    private static boolean isValidInterface(NetworkInterface ni) throws SocketException {
        return !ni.isLoopback() && !ni.isPointToPoint() && ni.isUp() && !ni.isVirtual()
                && (ni.getName().startsWith("eth") || ni.getName().startsWith("ens"));
    }
    /**
     * 判断是否是IPv4，并且内网地址并过滤回环地址.
     */
    private static boolean isValidAddress(InetAddress address) {
        return address instanceof Inet4Address && address.isSiteLocalAddress() && !address.isLoopbackAddress();
    }
    /*
     * 通过Socket 唯一确定一个IP
     * 当有多个网卡的时候，使用这种方式一般都可以得到想要的IP。甚至不要求外网地址8.8.8.8是可连通的
     * @return Inet4Address>
     */
    private static Optional<Inet4Address> getIpBySocket() throws SocketException {
        try (final DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket()) {
            socket.connect(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"), 10002);
            if (socket.getLocalAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
                return Optional.of((Inet4Address) socket.getLocalAddress());
            }
        } catch (UnknownHostException networkInterfaces) {
            throw new RuntimeException(networkInterfaces);
        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }
    /*
     * 获取本地IPv4地址
     * @return Inet4Address>
     */
    public static Optional<Inet4Address> getLocalIp4Address() throws SocketException {
        final List<Inet4Address> inet4Addresses = getLocalIp4AddressFromNetworkInterface();
        if (inet4Addresses.size() != 1) {
            final Optional<Inet4Address> ipBySocketOpt = getIpBySocket();
            if (ipBySocketOpt.isPresent()) {
                return ipBySocketOpt;
            } else {
                return inet4Addresses.isEmpty() ? Optional.empty() : Optional.of(inet4Addresses.get(0));
            }
        }
        return Optional.of(inet4Addresses.get(0));
    }
}

参考：

https://www.jianshu.com/p/f619663f0f0a

https://www.cnblogs.com/starcrm/p/7071227.html

下面在分享一段Java获取本机IP地址的示例代码

import java.net.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
 * 获取本机IP 地址
 */
public class IpUtil {
    /*
     * 获取本机所有网卡信息   得到所有IP信息
     * @return Inet4Address>
     */
    public static List<Inet4Address> getLocalIp4AddressFromNetworkInterface() throws SocketException {
        List<Inet4Address> addresses = new ArrayList<>(1);
        // 所有网络接口信息
        Enumeration<NetworkInterface> networkInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
        if (Objects.isNull(networkInterfaces)) {
            return addresses;
        }
        while (networkInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
            NetworkInterface networkInterface = networkInterfaces.nextElement();
            //滤回环网卡、点对点网卡、非活动网卡、虚拟网卡并要求网卡名字是eth或ens开头
            if (!isValidInterface(networkInterface)) {
                continue;
            }
            // 所有网络接口的IP地址信息
            Enumeration<InetAddress> inetAddresses = networkInterface.getInetAddresses();
            while (inetAddresses.hasMoreElements()) {
                InetAddress inetAddress = inetAddresses.nextElement();
                // 判断是否是IPv4，并且内网地址并过滤回环地址.
                if (isValidAddress(inetAddress)) {
                    addresses.add((Inet4Address) inetAddress);
                }
            }
        }
        return addresses;
    }
    /**
     * 过滤回环网卡、点对点网卡、非活动网卡、虚拟网卡并要求网卡名字是eth或ens开头
     *
     * @param ni 网卡
     * @return 如果满足要求则true，否则false
     */
    private static boolean isValidInterface(NetworkInterface ni) throws SocketException {
        return !ni.isLoopback() && !ni.isPointToPoint() && ni.isUp() && !ni.isVirtual()
                && (ni.getName().startsWith("eth") || ni.getName().startsWith("ens"));
    }
    /**
     * 判断是否是IPv4，并且内网地址并过滤回环地址.
     */
    private static boolean isValidAddress(InetAddress address) {
        return address instanceof Inet4Address && address.isSiteLocalAddress() && !address.isLoopbackAddress();
    }
    /*
     * 通过Socket 唯一确定一个IP
     * 当有多个网卡的时候，使用这种方式一般都可以得到想要的IP。甚至不要求外网地址8.8.8.8是可连通的
     * @return Inet4Address>
     */
    private static Optional<Inet4Address> getIpBySocket() throws SocketException {
        try (final DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket()) {
            socket.connect(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"), 10002);
            if (socket.getLocalAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
                return Optional.of((Inet4Address) socket.getLocalAddress());
            }
        } catch (UnknownHostException networkInterfaces) {
            throw new RuntimeException(networkInterfaces);
        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }
    /*
     * 获取本地IPv4地址
     * @return Inet4Address>
     */
    public static Optional<Inet4Address> getLocalIp4Address() throws SocketException {
        final List<Inet4Address> inet4Addresses = getLocalIp4AddressFromNetworkInterface();
        if (inet4Addresses.size() != 1) {
            final Optional<Inet4Address> ipBySocketOpt = getIpBySocket();
            if (ipBySocketOpt.isPresent()) {
                return ipBySocketOpt;
            } else {
                return inet4Addresses.isEmpty() ? Optional.empty() : Optional.of(inet4Addresses.get(0));
            }
        }
        return Optional.of(inet4Addresses.get(0));
    }
}

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