MDC实现日志链路跟踪
lakernote 人气:2前言:
在微服务环境中,我们经常使用Skywalking
、CAT等去实现整体请求链路的追踪,但是这个整体运维成本高,架构复杂,我们来使用MDC
通过Log来实现一个轻量级的会话事务跟踪功能。
1.原理
MDC org.sl4j.MDC
其实内部就是ThreadLocal,MDC提供了put/get/clear等几个核心接口,用于操作ThreadLocal中的数据;ThreadLocal中的K-V,可以在logback.xml中声明,最终将会打印在日志中。
// java代码 MDC.put("userId","laker"); // logback.xml %X{userId}
例如:
<property name="pattern" value="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level [%X{userId}] %logger{20} - %msg%n"/>
2.实现
整体流程如下:
- 用户登录系统,我们日志中记录
userId:laker
。 - 用户发起请求,一个请求中可能实际产生多个http请求,这里可以前端生成一个
requestId
- 在返回体中,返回
requestId
。 - 研发运维人员,可以根据
userId
和requestId
去日志中捞请求链路。
3.过滤器
@Order(value = Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 100) @Component @WebFilter(filterName = "MDCFilter", urlPatterns = "/*") public class MDCFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { try { MDC.put("userId", "laker"); MDC.put("requestId", IdUtil.fastUUID()); } catch (Exception e) { // } try { filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse); } finally { MDC.clear(); } } }
4.logback.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <property name="LOG_HOME" value="logs"/> <property name="encoding" value="UTF-8"/> <appender name="DEFAULT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <file>${LOG_HOME}/test.log</file> <Append>true</Append> <prudent>false</prudent> <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder"> <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{50} %line - %m%n</pattern> </encoder> <!-- 按天回滚 daily --> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <!--归档日志文件名--> <FileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/test.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}</FileNamePattern> <!-- 最多保存15天历史文件 --> <maxHistory>15</maxHistory> </rollingPolicy> </appender> <!-- 日志输出格式 --> <property name="log.pattern" value="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level [%X{userId}|%X{requestId}] %logger{20} - [%method,%line] - %msg%n"/> <!-- 控制台输出 --> <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <encoder> <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern> </encoder> </appender> <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder"> <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{50} %line - %m%n</pattern> </encoder> </appender> <logger name="com.test.demo" level="DEBUG"> <appender-ref ref="DEFAULT"/> </logger> <!-- 日志输出级别 --> <root level="INFO"> <appender-ref ref="DEFAULT"/> <appender-ref ref="console"/> </root> </configuration>
5.返回体
public class Response<T> { @ApiModelProperty(notes = "响应码,非200 即为异常", example = "200") private final int code; @ApiModelProperty(notes = "响应消息", example = "提交成功") private final String msg; @ApiModelProperty(notes = "响应数据") private final T data; @ApiModelProperty(notes = "请求id") private final String requestId; public Response(int code, String msg, T data) { this.code = code; this.msg = msg; this.data = data; this.requestId = MDC.get("requestId"); }
6.效果日志
响应:
{ code: 200, msg: "", requestId: "74a269a8-3cb4-417e-853c-b968b77cce23" }
日志:
18:37:15.997 [http-nio-8080-exec-1] INFO [laker|90717490-5ef4-4e46-bc2c-605952fc3803] c.l.m.c.InfoController - [v2Map,17] - null 18:37:38.980 [http-nio-8080-exec-2] INFO [laker|82bde351-f86e-466f-97a0-c857a0c4c1c9] c.l.m.c.InfoController - [v2Map,17] - null 18:37:39.992 [http-nio-8080-exec-3] INFO [laker|74a269a8-3cb4-417e-853c-b968b77cce23] c.l.m
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