Django 用户登录与注销 Django实战之用户认证(用户登录与注销)
Zhu_Julian 人气:0上一篇中,我们已经打开了Django自带的用户认证模块,并配置了数据库连接,创建了相应的表,本篇我们将在Django自带的用户认证的基础上,实现自己个性化的用户登录和注销模块。
首先,我们自己定义一个用户登录表单(forms.py):
from django import forms from django.contrib.auth.models import User from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import BootstrapDateInput, BootstrapTextInput, BootstrapUneditableInput class LoginForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField( required=True, label=u"用户名", error_messages={'required': '请输入用户名'}, widget=forms.TextInput( attrs={ 'placeholder':u"用户名", } ), ) password = forms.CharField( required=True, label=u"密码", error_messages={'required': u'请输入密码'}, widget=forms.PasswordInput( attrs={ 'placeholder':u"密码", } ), ) def clean(self): if not self.is_valid(): raise forms.ValidationError(u"用户名和密码为必填项") else: cleaned_data = super(LoginForm, self).clean()
我们定义的用户登录表单有两个域username和password,这两个域都为必填项。
接下来,我们定义用户登录视图(views.py),在该视图里实例化之前定义的用户登录表单
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response,render,get_object_or_404 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib import auth from django.contrib import messages from django.template.context import RequestContext from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory from django.core.paginator import Paginator, PageNotAnInteger, EmptyPage from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import BootstrapUneditableInput from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required from .forms import LoginForm def login(request): if request.method == 'GET': form = LoginForm() return render_to_response('login.html', RequestContext(request, {'form': form,})) else: form = LoginForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): username = request.POST.get('username', '') password = request.POST.get('password', '') user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password) if user is not None and user.is_active: auth.login(request, user) return render_to_response('index.html', RequestContext(request)) else: return render_to_response('login.html', RequestContext(request, {'form': form,'password_is_wrong':True})) else: return render_to_response('login.html', RequestContext(request, {'form': form,}))
该视图实例化了之前定义的LoginForm,它的主要业务逻辑是:
1. 判断必填项用户名和密码是否为空,如果为空,提示"用户名和密码为必填项”的错误信息
2. 判断用户名和密码是否正确,如果错误,提示“用户名或密码错误"的错误信息
3. 登陆成功后,进入主页(index.html)
其中,登录页面的模板(login.html)定义如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> {% load bootstrap_toolkit %} {% load url from future %} <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>数据库脚本发布系统</title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content="朱显杰"> {% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag %} {% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" %} <style type="text/css"> body { padding-top: 60px; } </style> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js"></script> {% bootstrap_javascript_tag %} {% block extra_head %}{% endblock %} </head> <body> {% if password_is_wrong %} <div class="alert alert-error"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert">×</button> <h4>错误!</h4>用户名或密码错误 </div> {% endif %} <div class="well"> <h1>数据库脚本发布系统</h1> <p> </p> <form class="form-horizontal" action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form|as_bootstrap:"horizontal" }} <p class="form-actions"> <input type="submit" value="登录" class="btn btn-primary"> <a href="/contactme/" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><input type="button" value="忘记密码" class="btn btn-danger"></a> <a href="/contactme/" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><input type="button" value="新员工?" class="btn btn-success"></a> </p> </form> </div> </body> </html>
最后还需要在urls.py里添加:
(r'^accounts/login/$', 'dbrelease_app.views.login'),
最终的效果如下:
1)当在浏览器里输入http://192.168.1.16:8000/accounts/login/,出现如下登陆界面:
2)当用户名或密码为空时,提示”用户名和密码为必填项",如下所示:
3)当用户名或密码错误时,提示“用户名或密码错误",如下所示:
4)如果用户名和密码都正确,进入主页(index.html)。
既然有login,当然要有logout,logout比较简单,直接调用Django自带用户认证系统的logout,然后返回登录界面,具体如下(views.py):
@login_required def logout(request): auth.logout(request) return HttpResponseRedirect("/accounts/login/")
上面@login_required表示只有用户在登录的情况下才能调用该视图,否则将自动重定向至登录页面。
urls.py里添加:
(r'^accounts/logout/$', 'dbrelease_app.views.logout'),
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