loadavg数据异常引发问题起源分析

static int loadavg_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
   unsigned long avnrun[3];
   get_avenrun(avnrun, FIXED_1/200, 0);
   seq_printf(m, "%lu.%02lu %lu.%02lu %lu.%02lu %ld/%d %d\n",
      LOAD_INT(avnrun[0]), LOAD_FRAC(avnrun[0]),  // 1分钟平均值
      LOAD_INT(avnrun[1]), LOAD_FRAC(avnrun[1]),  // 5分钟平均值
      LOAD_INT(avnrun[2]), LOAD_FRAC(avnrun[2]),  // 15分钟平均值
      // 可运行实体使用  nr_running()获取, nr_threads 是存在的所有实体
      nr_running() , nr_threads,
      // 获取最新创建的进程PID
      task_active_pid_ns(current)->last_pid);
   return 0;
}

unsigned long avenrun[3];
EXPORT_SYMBOL(avenrun); /* should be removed */
/**
 * get_avenrun - get the load average array
 * @loads: pointer to dest load array
 * @offset:    offset to add
 * @shift: shift count to shift the result left
 *
 * These values are estimates at best, so no need for locking.
 */
void get_avenrun(unsigned long *loads, unsigned long offset, int shift)
{
    //数据来源主要是avenrun数组
   loads[0] = (avenrun[0] + offset) << shift;
   loads[1] = (avenrun[1] + offset) << shift;
   loads[2] = (avenrun[2] + offset) << shift;
}

/*
 * This function gets called by the timer code, with HZ frequency.
 * We call it with interrupts disabled.
 * 这里注释就比较清楚了,由计时器调度,调度的频率为HZ
 */
void scheduler_tick(void)
{
   int cpu = smp_processor_id();
   struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
   struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr;
   sched_clock_tick();
   raw_spin_lock(&rq->lock);
   walt_set_window_start(rq);
   walt_update_task_ravg(rq->curr, rq, TASK_UPDATE,
         walt_ktime_clock(), 0);
   update_rq_clock(rq);
   curr->sched_class->task_tick(rq, curr, 0);
   cpu_load_update_active(rq);
   calc_global_load_tick(rq); // 这里调度
   raw_spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
   perf_event_task_tick();
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
   rq->idle_balance = idle_cpu(cpu);
   trigger_load_balance(rq);
#endif
   rq_last_tick_reset(rq);
   if (curr->sched_class == &fair_sched_class)
      check_for_migration(rq, curr);
}

/*
 * Called from scheduler_tick() to periodically update this CPU's
 * active count.
 */
void calc_global_load_tick(struct rq *this_rq)
{
   long delta;
    //过滤系统负载重复更新,这里是同过jiffies进行过滤,jiffies也在下面统一介绍
   if (time_before(jiffies, this_rq->calc_load_update)) 
      return;
   // 更新数据 
   delta  = calc_load_fold_active(this_rq, 0);
   if (delta)
       // 将数据同步到calc_load_tasks, atomic_long_add 是kernel中的一个原子操作函数
      atomic_long_add(delta, &calc_load_tasks);
    // 下一次系统更新系统负载的时间 LOAD_FREQ定义在include/linux/sched.h 
    //   #define LOAD_FREQ   (5*HZ+1)   /* 5 sec intervals */
   this_rq->calc_load_update += LOAD_FREQ;  
}

long calc_load_fold_active(struct rq *this_rq, long adjust)
{
   long nr_active, delta = 0;
   nr_active = this_rq->nr_running - adjust; //统计调度器中nr_running的task数量 adjust传入为0,不做讨论.
   nr_active += (long)this_rq->nr_uninterruptible; //统计调度器中nr_uninterruptible的task的数量.
    // calc_load_active代表了nr_running和nr_uninterruptible的数量,如果存在差值就计算差值
   if (nr_active != this_rq->calc_load_active) { 
      delta = nr_active - this_rq->calc_load_active;
      this_rq->calc_load_active = nr_active;
   }
    // 统计完成,return后,将数据更新到 calc_load_tasks.
   return delta;
}

/*
 * High resolution timer specific code
 */
 //这里要看下内核是否开启了高分辨率定时器+ CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS = y
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS  
/*
 * We rearm the timer until we get disabled by the idle code.
 * Called with interrupts disabled.
 */
 // tick_sched_timer函数是高分辨率定时器的到期函数,也就是定时的每个周期结束都会执行
static enum hrtimer_restart tick_sched_timer(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
   struct tick_sched *ts =
      container_of(timer, struct tick_sched, sched_timer);
   struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
   ktime_t now = ktime_get();
   tick_sched_do_timer(now);
    ...
   return HRTIMER_RESTART;
}

/*
 * calc_load - update the avenrun load estimates 10 ticks after the
 * CPUs have updated calc_load_tasks.
 *
 * Called from the global timer code.
 */
void calc_global_load(unsigned long ticks)
{
   long active, delta;
    // 在前文出现过的时间,这里有加上了10个tick,总间隔就是5s + 10 tick
   if (time_before(jiffies, calc_load_update + 10))
      return;
   /*
    * Fold the 'old' idle-delta to include all NO_HZ cpus.
    */
    // 统计NO_HZ模式下,cpu陷入空闲时间段错过统计的task数据
   delta = calc_load_fold_idle();
   if (delta)
      atomic_long_add(delta, &calc_load_tasks); // 更新数据
   active = atomic_long_read(&calc_load_tasks); // 原子的方式读取前面存入的全局变量
   active = active > 0 ? active * FIXED_1 : 0; // 乘FIXED_1
   avenrun[0] = calc_load(avenrun[0], EXP_1, active); // 1分钟负载
   avenrun[1] = calc_load(avenrun[1], EXP_5, active); // 5分钟负载 
   avenrun[2] = calc_load(avenrun[2], EXP_15, active); // 15分钟负载
   calc_load_update += LOAD_FREQ; //更新时间
   /*
    * In case we idled for multiple LOAD_FREQ intervals, catch up in bulk.
    */
    //统计了NO_HZ模式下的task数据,也要将NO_HZ模式下的tick数重新计算,要不然数据会不准.
   calc_global_nohz();
}

/*
 * a1 = a0 * e + a * (1 - e)
 */
static unsigned long
calc_load(unsigned long load, unsigned long exp, unsigned long active)
{
   unsigned long newload;
   newload = load * exp + active * (FIXED_1 - exp);
   if (active >= load)
      newload += FIXED_1-1;
   return newload / FIXED_1;
}

   struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
/*
 * This is the main, per-CPU runqueue data structure.
 *
 * Locking rule: those places that want to lock multiple runqueues
 * (such as the load balancing or the thread migration code), lock
 * acquire operations must be ordered by ascending &runqueue.
 */
struct rq {
   /* runqueue lock: */
   raw_spinlock_t lock;
   /*
    * nr_running and cpu_load should be in the same cacheline because
    * remote CPUs use both these fields when doing load calculation.
    */
   unsigned int nr_running; // 这里
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
   unsigned int nr_numa_running;  
   unsigned int nr_preferred_running;
#endif
   #define CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX 5
   unsigned long cpu_load[CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX];
   unsigned int misfit_task;
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
   unsigned long last_load_update_tick;
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
   unsigned long nohz_flags;
#endif /* CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON */
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL
   unsigned long last_sched_tick;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_QUIET
   /* time-based average load */
   u64 nr_last_stamp;
   u64 nr_running_integral;
   seqcount_t ave_seqcnt;
#endif
   /* capture load from *all* tasks on this cpu: */
   struct load_weight load;
   unsigned long nr_load_updates;
   u64 nr_switches;
   struct cfs_rq cfs;
   struct rt_rq rt;
   struct dl_rq dl;
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
   /* list of leaf cfs_rq on this cpu: */
   struct list_head leaf_cfs_rq_list;
   struct list_head *tmp_alone_branch;
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
   /*
    * This is part of a global counter where only the total sum
    * over all CPUs matters. A task can increase this counter on
    * one CPU and if it got migrated afterwards it may decrease
    * it on another CPU. Always updated under the runqueue lock:
    */
   unsigned long nr_uninterruptible; // 这里
   struct task_struct *curr, *idle, *stop;
   unsigned long next_balance;
   struct mm_struct *prev_mm;
   unsigned int clock_skip_update;
   u64 clock;
   u64 clock_task;
   atomic_t nr_iowait;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
   struct root_domain *rd;
   struct sched_domain *sd;
   unsigned long cpu_capacity;
   unsigned long cpu_capacity_orig;
   struct callback_head *balance_callback;
   unsigned char idle_balance;
   /* For active balancing */
   int active_balance;
   int push_cpu;
   struct task_struct *push_task;
   struct cpu_stop_work active_balance_work;
   /* cpu of this runqueue: */
   int cpu;
   int online;
    ...
};

adb pull /proc/config.gz .