利用Python实现绘制3D爱心的代码分享
神仙盼盼 人气:0环境介绍
python3.8
numpy
matplotlib
第一步,绘制一个三维的爱心
关于这一步,我采用的是大佬博客中的最后一种绘制方法。当然,根据我的代码习惯,我还是稍做了一点点修改的。
class Guess: def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20) -> None: """ bbox: 控制画格的大小 resolution: 控制爱心的分辨率 lines: 控制等高线的数量 """ self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3 A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution) self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines) self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A) def coordinate(self, x, y, z): """ 生成坐标 """ return (x**2+(9/4)*y**2+z**2-1)**3-x**2*z**3-(9/80)*y**2*z**3 def draw(self, ax): """ 绘制坐标 """ for z in self.B: X, Y = self.A1, self.A2 Z = self.coordinate(X, Y, z)+z cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, [z], zdir='z', colors=('pink',)) for y in self.B: X, Z = self.A1, self.A2 Y = self.coordinate(X, y, Z)+y cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, [y], zdir='y', colors=('pink',)) for x in self.B: Y, Z = self.A1, self.A2 X = self.coordinate(x, Y, Z) + x cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, [x], zdir='x', colors=('pink',)) def run(self): fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d') ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax) ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax) ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax) plt.show()
但是这可以达到我们想要的效果吗?
显然不能!于是我们开始加入亿点点细节!
亿点点细节
加入时间序列
想要心脏跳起来,我们就需要有时间维度的变化。那怎么做最合理呢?这里仅展示修改的代码位置。
class Guess: def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20) -> None: plt.ion() # 开启画布的动态图模式 self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3 self.time = time.time() # 这里有一个衡量的时间坐标,很合理吧 A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution) self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines) self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A) def run(self, count): """ 加入count是我们想循环的次数 """ fig = plt.figure() for i in range(count): plt.clf() # 每次清除画布 ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d') ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax) ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax) ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax) times = time.time()-self.t/ime # 计算画布的当前时间状态 self.draw(ax, coef) plt.show()
加入心脏的跳动
心脏的跳动当然不会是线性的了,我们需要心脏的跳动是有层次感的,并且还是可以做往返运动的。
emmmmm… 这么说来,cos是不是就是做这个用的?
于是…
def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20, scale=1.2) -> None: """ scale: 心脏缩放的系数 """ self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3 plt.ion() self.scale = scale # scale: 心脏缩放的系数 设置为全局变量 self.time = time.time() A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution) self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines) self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A) def draw(self, ax, coef): """ coef: 使得心脏可以按照时间跳动 """ for z in self.B: X, Y = self.A1, self.A2 Z = self.coordinate(X, Y, z)+z cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [z * coef], zdir='z', colors=('pink',)) for y in self.B: X, Z = self.A1, self.A2 Y = self.coordinate(X, y, Z)+y cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [y * coef], zdir='y', colors=('pink',)) for x in self.B: Y, Z = self.A1, self.A2 X = self.coordinate(x, Y, Z) + x cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [x * coef], zdir='x', colors=('pink',)) def run(self, count): """ 加入count是我们想循环的次数 """ fig = plt.figure() for i in range(count): plt.clf() # 每次清除画布 ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d') ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax) ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax) ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax) times = time.time()-self.time coef = np.cos(times) * (self.scale-1) + 1 # coef 是用来放缩心脏的大小的,加入cos来使它有节奏的跳动 self.draw(ax, coef) plt.pause(0.01) plt.show()
很好,这样我们就有了一个可以跳动的心脏,那么到这结束了嘛?
一个好的展示
当然没有!我们希望对象看到的时候他稍微有点东西,所以让它跳动却不能改变方向,岂不是看的不够全面?所以我们在加最后亿点点细节:
def run(self, count): fig = plt.figure() for i in range(count): plt.clf() ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d') ax.set_title("你对象的名字?") # 加上你对象的小name ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax) ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax) ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax) times = time.time()-self.time ax.view_init(10, 100+np.cos(times) * 10) # 让三维坐标图可以变换坐标展示 coef = np.cos(times) * (self.scale-1) + 1 self.draw(ax, coef) plt.pause(0.01) # 让绘制出来的心脏可以显示 plt.show()
完整代码
代码完整版及效果如下
import time import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt class Guess: def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20, scale=1.2) -> None: self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3 plt.ion() self.scale = scale self.time = time.time() A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution) self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines) self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A) def coordinate(self, x, y, z): return (x**2+(9/4)*y**2+z**2-1)**3-x**2*z**3-(9/80)*y**2*z**3 def draw(self, ax, coef): for z in self.B: X, Y = self.A1, self.A2 Z = self.coordinate(X, Y, z)+z cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [z * coef], zdir='z', colors=('pink',)) for y in self.B: X, Z = self.A1, self.A2 Y = self.coordinate(X, y, Z)+y cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [y * coef], zdir='y', colors=('pink',)) for x in self.B: Y, Z = self.A1, self.A2 X = self.coordinate(x, Y, Z) + x cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [x * coef], zdir='x', colors=('pink',)) def run(self, count): fig = plt.figure() for i in range(count): plt.clf() ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d') ax.set_title("2LiuYu") ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax) ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax) ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax) times = time.time()-self.time ax.view_init(10, 100+np.cos(times) * 10) coef = np.cos(times) * (self.scale-1) + 1 self.draw(ax, coef) plt.pause(0.01) plt.show() if __name__ == '__main__': demo = Guess() demo.run(1000)
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