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Vue3实现动态导入Excel表格数据的方法详解

吴永福 人气:0

1.  前言

在开发工作过程中,我们会遇到各种各样的表格数据导入,大部分我们的解决方案:提供一个模板前端进行下载,然后按照这个模板要求进行数据填充,最后上传导入,这是其中一种解决方案。个人认为还有另外一种解决方案,不一定会前面的方案好,方便,但是可以减少人为操作,减少出错,更为通用,就是进行动态数据导入,前端进行自定义导入数据,配置数据对应关系,最后提交导入结果。

2.  如何实现

2.1使用技术

后台使用.Net6.0,前端使用Vue3

2.2实现思路

2.3具体实现方案

2.3.1导入Excel数据

创建列表页面,页面主要布局如下

Table需要绑定的列是未知的,所以el-table绑定的el-table-column是需要动态进行加载,动态定义表格以及变量

<el-table :data="state.tableData.data">
  <el-table-column
      v-for="item in state.colunm"
      :prop="item.key"
      :key="item.key"
      :label="item.lable"
  >
  </el-table-column>
</el-table>
const state = reactive({
colunm: [{key: "", lable: ""}],
});

点击导入报名数据,弹出上传数据页面

这一块的功能在之前的一篇文章有写过:.Net6.0+Vue3实现数据简易导入功能全过程

子组件的核心代码

页面布局:

<template>
  <el-dialog :close-on-click-modal="false" v-model="state.dialogVisible" :title="title" width="70%" >
    <el-upload
        class="upload-demo"
        :auto-upload="false"
        :on-change="uploadChange"  style="text-align: left;"  >
      <el-button type="primary">上传文件</el-button>
    </el-upload>
      <el-form-item>
        <el-button @click='submit'>确认导入</el-button>
      </el-form-item>
    <el-table :data="state.tableData.data" max-height="500px">
      <el-table-column v-for="item in state.colunm" :prop="item.key" :key="item.key" :label="item.lable">
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
    <div class='block flex justify-end' v-if='state.tableData.total > 0'>
      <el-pagination v-model:currentPage="state.searchInput.PageIndex" v-model:page-size="state.searchInput.PageSize"
        :page-sizes="[10, 50, 200, 1000]" layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper" @size-change="getData"
        @current-change="getData" :total="state.tableData.total" />
    </div>
  </el-dialog>
</template>

变量定义:

const state = reactive({
  tempTableData: [{}],//临时存储全部数据
  searchInput: { PageIndex: 1, PageSize: 10 },
  tableData: { data: [{}], total: 0 },//表格加载当前页面数据
  dialogVisible: false,
  colunm: [{ key: '', lable: '' }]
});

父页面调用方法,进行表格列头加载,初始化表格数据:

const childMethod = (data) => {
  state.colunm = data;
  state.tableData.data = [];
  state.dialogVisible = true;
}

绑定表格方法,前端进行分页数据处理:(这里可能会有性能问题,暂时没有仔细探究)

const getData = () => {
  const tempData: any = [];
  state.tempTableData.forEach((value, index) => {
    if (index >= ((state.searchInput.PageIndex - 1) * state.searchInput.PageSize) && index < ((state.searchInput.PageIndex) * state.searchInput.PageSize)) {
      tempData.push(value);
    }
  });
  state.tableData.data = tempData;
  state.tableData.total = state.tempTableData.length;
}

提交数据回写父组件方法

const submit = () => {
  console.log(state.tempTableData);
  context.emit('childClick', state.tempTableData,state.colunm)
}

上传Excel读取数据方法,主要动态绑定列以及导入的数据

const uploadChange = async (file) => {
  let dataBinary = await readFile(file.raw)
  let workBook = XLSX.read(dataBinary, { type: 'binary', cellDates: true })
  let workSheet = workBook.Sheets[workBook.SheetNames[0]]
  let data: any = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(workSheet)

  let mycolunm={};
  Object.setPrototypeOf(mycolunm,data[0]);
  state.colunm=[];
  for(let key in mycolunm){
    state.colunm.push( { lable: key, key: key })
  }
  
  let tHeader = state.colunm.map(obj => obj.lable)
  let filterVal = state.colunm.map(obj => obj.key)
  tHeader.map(val => filterVal.map(obj => val[obj]))
  const tempData: any = [];
  data.forEach((value) => {
    const ob = {};
    tHeader.forEach((item, index) => {
      ob[filterVal[index]] = value[item].toString();
    })
    tempData.push(ob);
  })
  state.tempTableData = tempData;
  getData();
}

这里导入数据后,会调用主组件方法(dataUploadchildClick)用于回写主组件表格数据,列头等数据

const dataUploadchildClick = (data, colunm) => {
  state.colunm = colunm;
  state.tempData = data;
  getData();
  dataUpload.value.cancel();
};

2.3.2设置数据对应关系

定义后台需要的列

SelectData: [
  {key: 'zkzh', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '准考证号'},
  {key: 'zjlb', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '证件类别'},
  {key: 'zjhm', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '证件号码'},
  {key: 'ksxm', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '考生姓名'},
  {key: 'xb', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '性别'},
  {key: 'ss', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '省市'},
  {key: 'kq', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '考区'},
  {key: 'kdh', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '考点号'},
  {key: 'kdmc', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '考点名称'},
  {key: 'kch', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '考场号'},
  {key: 'kchdz', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '考场地址'},
  {key: 'zwh', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '座位号'},
  {key: 'chc', type: '', value: '', selectValue: '', title: '场次'}
]

创建Select组件,组件核心代码

页面布局部分

<label style="width: 50px;display: inline-block;">{{ itemKey }}:</label>
<el-select v-model="state.type" :placeholder="name" size="large" clearable>
  <el-option
      v-for="item in state.options"
      :key="item.value"
      :label="item.label"
      :value="item.value"
  />
</el-select>
<el-input v-model="state.value" style="width: 200px;" :placeholder="name" size="large" v-if="state.type=='0'"/>
<el-select v-model="state.selectValue" style="width: 200px;" :placeholder="name" size="large" clearable
           v-if="state.type=='1'||state.type=='2'">
  <el-option
      v-for="item in state.ValueOptions"
      :key="item.key"
      :label="item.lable"
      :value="item.key"
  />
</el-select>

接受参数定义

props: {
  itemKey: String,
  name: String,
  type: String,
  value: String,
  selectValue: String,
  colunm: Object
},

页面变量定义,这里定义的默认option主要有三个

const state = reactive({
  value: ref(''),
  type: ref(''),
  selectValue: ref([]),
  ValueOptions:[{}],
  options: [
    {
      value: '0',
      label: '固定值',
    },
    {
      value: '1',
      label: '下拉框',
    },
    {
      value: '2',
      label: '自动生成',
    },
  ],
});

监听下拉框选择类型:

watch(() => state.type, (newVal) => {
      context.emit('update:type', newVal);
    }
);

监听下拉框选择固定,文本框输入的值:

watch(() => state.value, (newVal) => {
  context.emit('update:value', newVal)
})

监听下拉框选择下拉框,后面下拉框选择的值:

watch(() => state.selectValue, (newVal) => {
  context.emit('update:selectValue', newVal)
})

监听表格的列,动态加载下拉框绑定的值:

watch(() => props.colunm, (newVal: any) => {
  state.ValueOptions=newVal;
})

最终的效果:

父页面进行引用

<el-row :gutter="24" justify="start" style="text-align: left;">
          <div v-for="(item,index) in state.SelectData" :key='index' style="margin-top: 5px;width: 100%;">
            <el-col :span="24"><Select
                :itemKey="item.key"
                v-model:type="item.type"
                v-model:value="item.value"
                v-model:selectValue="item.selectValue"
                :name="item.title"
                :colunm="state.colunm"/></el-col>
          </div>
        </el-row>

2.3.3进行数据提交

提交数据到后台进行处理,这里可以根据自己的业务进行验证,或则进行其它扩展

const Save = () => {
  if (state.tempData.length == 0) {
    state.active=1;
    ElMessage.warning('请导入考生数据');
    return;
  }
  let CheckSelectData = true;
  state.SelectData.forEach((value, index) => {
    if (!value.type) {
      CheckSelectData = false
    }
  });
  if (!CheckSelectData) {
    state.active=2;
    ElMessage.warning('请设置完成数据对应关系');
    return;
  }
  if (state.tableTimeData.data.length==0){
    state.active=3;
    ElMessage.warning('请添加场次数据');
    return;
  }
  if (!state.ExamData.jiancheng||!state.ExamData.kaikaonianyue||!state.ExamData.quancheng){
    state.active=4;
    ElMessage.warning('请设置任务相关信息');
    return;
  }
  axios.post('/GenerateCheckTemplate', state)
      .then(function (response) {
        if (response.status == 200) {
          ElMessage.success(response.data);
          dataUpload.value.cancel();
          getData();
        } else {
          ElMessage.error(response.data)
        }
      })
}

后台定义接口:/GenerateCheckTemplate

定义实体对前台导入数据进行接收:

public class GenerateCheckTemplate
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 考试任务对象
        /// </summary>
        public ExamData ExamData { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 数据对应关系对象
        /// </summary>
        public List<Correspondence> SelectData { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 导入数据
        /// </summary>
        public List<Dictionary<string, string>> tempData { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 导入数据列集合
        /// </summary>
        public List<Colunm> colunm { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 场次对象
        /// </summary>
        public tableTimeData tableTimeData { get; set; }
}

    /// <summary>
    /// 考试任务对象
    /// </summary>
    public class ExamData
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 简称
        /// </summary>
        public string jiancheng { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 考试年月
        /// </summary>
        public string kaikaonianyue { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 简称
        /// </summary>
        public string quancheng { get; set; }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 数据对应关系对象
    /// </summary>
    public class Correspondence
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// key
        /// </summary>
        public string key { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 下拉选择数据
        /// </summary>
        public string selectValue { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 标题
        /// </summary>
        public string title { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 类型 0 固定值 1下拉框选择
        /// </summary>
        public string type { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 固定值数据
        /// </summary>
        public string value { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 表格对象
    /// </summary>
    public class tableTimeData
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 提交表格数据
        /// </summary>
        public List<ExamTime> data { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 总数
        /// </summary>
        public int total { get; set; }
    }

    public class ExamTime
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 场次编码
        /// </summary>
        public int? ExamTimeCode { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 场次名称
        /// </summary>

        public string ExamTimeName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 开始时间
        /// </summary>
        public string startTime { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 结束时间
        /// </summary>
        public string endTime { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否编辑状态
        /// </summary>
        public bool Edit { get; set; }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 导入数据列对象
    /// </summary>
    public class Colunm
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 键值
        /// </summary>
        public string key { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 值
        /// </summary>
        public string lable { get; set; }
    }

然后处理前端传过来的数据转换成需要的数据,这里type需要修改成枚举类型,类型可以根据需求进行扩展

/// <summary>
        /// 处理前端传过来的数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="companiesInput"></param>
        private void ProcessingData(GenerateCheckTemplate companiesInput, DataTable dataTable)
        {
            Dictionary<string, string> keyValuePairs = new Dictionary<string, string>();
            foreach (var data in companiesInput.tempData)
            {
                DataRow dataRow = dataTable.NewRow();

                foreach (Correspondence correspondence in companiesInput.SelectData)
                {
                    if (correspondence.type == "0")
                    {
                        dataRow[correspondence.key] = correspondence.value;
                    }
                    else if (correspondence.type == "1")
                    {
                        dataRow[correspondence.key] = data[correspondence.selectValue];
                    }
                    else if (correspondence.type == "2")
                    {
                        string value = data[correspondence.selectValue];
                        if (keyValuePairs.ContainsKey(value))
                        {
                            dataRow[correspondence.key] = keyValuePairs[value];
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            keyValuePairs.Add(value, (keyValuePairs.Count + 1).ToString().PadLeft(2, '0'));
                            dataRow[correspondence.key] = keyValuePairs[value];
                        }
                    }
                }

                dataTable.Rows.Add(dataRow);
            }
        }

整体的功能到这里基本上实现了,具体的细节可能需要根据不同的项目进行优化,有更多的方案可以一起进行交流

附上源码地址:https://gitee.com/wyf854861085/file-upload.git

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