C++ stl容器
Fat_Markov 人气:0sort排序
针对含有迭代器的容器,可以用#include<algorithm>
中的sort函数进行排序。
默认排序是从小到大,可以自己写仿函数,也可以用greater<int>()
或者less<int>()
。
#include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <iostream> using namespace std; bool compfunc(const int &a, const int &b) { return a > b; } struct compstru { bool operator()(int a, int b) { return a > b; } }; int main() { vector<int> myVec1 = {1, 4, 9, 2}; sort(myVec1.begin(), myVec1.end(), compstru()); sort(myVec1.begin(), myVec1.end(), compfunc); sort(myVec1.begin(), myVec1.end()); sort(myVec1.begin(), myVec1.end(), less<int>()); sort(myVec1.begin(), myVec1.end(), greater<int>()); }
vector
void printVec(const vector<int> &vec) { for (auto i : vec) { cout << i << " "; } cout << endl; } int main() { vector<int> myVec1 = {1, 4, 9, 2}; reverse(myVec1.begin(), myVec1.end()); // 反转vector printVec(myVec1); if(find(myVec1.begin(), myVec1.end(), 4)!=myVec1.end()){ //查找4是不是在vector里面 cout<<"找到了"<<endl; } int row = 5; int col = 10; vector<vector<int>> myVec2(row, vector<int>(col, 0)); // 初始化全0的二维数组 myVec1.push_back(10); myVec1.pop_back(); }
map
红黑树实现是有序容器,按照key值从小到大排序,插入pair<type1,type2>(data1,data2)
void printMap(const map<int, char> &myMap) { for (auto it : myMap) { cout << it.second << " "; } cout << endl; } int main() { map<int, char> myMap = {{3, 'c'}, {2, 'b'}, {1, 'a'}}; printMap(myMap); // a b c myMap.insert({4, 'd'}); printMap(myMap); // a b c d myMap.insert(pair<int, char>(0, 'e')); // e a b c d printMap(myMap); myMap[6] = 'g'; //有覆盖数据的危险 printMap(myMap); // e a b c d g cout << myMap.count(3) << endl; // map的查找,返回1或0 auto it = myMap.find(3); cout << it->second << endl; // c if (myMap.find(3) != myMap.end()) { cout << myMap[3] << endl; // c } }
unordered_map
无序容器,操作和map类似
新增元素传送门
有insert和emplace
void printMap(const unordered_map<int, char> &myMap) { for (auto it : myMap) { cout << it.second << " "; } cout << endl; } int main() { unordered_map<int,char> myUnorderMap={{1,'a'},{2,'b'},{3,'d'}}; printMap(myUnorderMap); myUnorderMap.emplace(4,'e'); myUnorderMap.insert({5,'d'}); printMap(myUnorderMap); for(auto it=myUnorderMap.begin();it!=myUnorderMap.end();){ if(it->first==1){ myUnorderMap.erase(it++); //删除要使用it++,避免迭代器实效 } else{ it++; //迭代器递增 } } printMap(myUnorderMap); }
set
有序容器,会自动排序,默认从小到大
void printSet(const set<int> &mySet) { for (auto it = mySet.begin(); it != mySet.end(); it++) { cout << *it << " "; } cout << endl; } int main() { set<int> mySet = {1, 1, 2, 3}; printSet(mySet); mySet.insert(0); printSet(mySet); }
queue
队列
int main() { queue<int> myQue; //默认使用deque作容器适配器 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { myQue.push(i); } int top = myQue.front(); myQue.pop(); }
stack
栈
int main() { stack<int> mystack; for(int i=0;i<4;i++){ mystack.push(i); } int top = mystack.top(); mystack.pop(); }
创建容器时指定排序规则
针对有序容器使用,如map,set。vector和unordered_map则不行
struct compstru { bool operator()(int a, int b) { return a > b; } }; template <class T1, class T2> void printSet(const set<T1, T2> &mySet) { for (auto it = mySet.begin(); it != mySet.end(); it++) { cout << *it << " "; } cout << endl; } template <class T1, class T2, class T3> void printMap(const map<T1, T2, T3> &mySet) { for (auto it = mySet.begin(); it != mySet.end(); it++) { cout << it->second << " "; } cout << endl; } int main() { set<int, compstru> mySet = {1, 1, 2, 3}; printSet<int, compstru>(mySet); // 3 2 1 map<int, char, compstru> myMap = {{1, 'c'}, {2, 'b'}, {3, 'd'}}; printMap<int, char, compstru>(myMap); // d b c }
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