Qt TCP通信
小刘同学++ 人气:1这段时间用到了QT的TCP通信,做了初步的学习与尝试,编写了一个客户端和服务器基于窗口通信的小例程。
使用QT的网络套接字需要.pro文件中加入一句:
QT += network
一、客户端
1、客户端的代码比服务器稍简单,总的来说,使用QT中的QTcpSocket类与服务器进行通信只需要以下5步:
(1)创建QTcpSocket套接字对象
socket = new QTcpSocket();
(2)使用这个对象连接服务器
socket->connectToHost(IP, port);
(3)使用write函数向服务器发送数据
socket->write(data);
(4)当socket接收缓冲区有新数据到来时,会发出readRead()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数以读取数据
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data); void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data() { QByteArray buffer; //读取缓冲区数据 buffer = socket->readAll(); }
(5)断开与服务器的连接(关于close()和disconnectFromHost()的区别,可以按F1看帮助)
socket->disconnectFromHost();
2、以下是客户端的例程
首先是mainwindow.h文件:
//mainwindow.h #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include <QMainWindow> #include <QTcpSocket> namespace Ui { class MainWindow; } class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT public: explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0); ~MainWindow(); private slots: void on_pushButton_Connect_clicked(); void on_pushButton_Send_clicked(); void socket_Read_Data(); void socket_Disconnected(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; QTcpSocket *socket; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H
然后是mainwindow.cpp文件:
//mainwindow.cpp #include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); socket = new QTcpSocket(); //连接信号槽 QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data); QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::disconnected, this, &MainWindow::socket_Disconnected); ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false); ui->lineEdit_IP->setText("127.0.0.1"); ui->lineEdit_Port->setText("8765"); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { delete this->socket; delete ui; } void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Connect_clicked() { if(ui->pushButton_Connect->text() == tr("连接")) { QString IP; int port; //获取IP地址 IP = ui->lineEdit_IP->text(); //获取端口号 port = ui->lineEdit_Port->text().toInt(); //取消已有的连接 socket->abort(); //连接服务器 socket->connectToHost(IP, port); //等待连接成功 if(!socket->waitForConnected(30000)) { qDebug() << "Connection failed!"; return; } qDebug() << "Connect successfully!"; //发送按键使能 ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(true); //修改按键文字 ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("断开连接"); } else { //断开连接 socket->disconnectFromHost(); //修改按键文字 ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("连接"); ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false); } } void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Send_clicked() { qDebug() << "Send: " << ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText(); //获取文本框内容并以ASCII码形式发送 socket->write(ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText().toLatin1()); socket->flush(); } void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data() { QByteArray buffer; //读取缓冲区数据 buffer = socket->readAll(); if(!buffer.isEmpty()) { QString str = ui->textEdit_Recv->toPlainText(); str+=tr(buffer); //刷新显示 ui->textEdit_Recv->setText(str); } } void MainWindow::socket_Disconnected() { //发送按键失能 ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false); //修改按键文字 ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("连接"); qDebug() << "Disconnected!"; }
最后是ui的设计:
二、服务器
1、服务器除了使用到了QTcpSocket类,还需要用到QTcpSever类。即便如此,也只是比客户端复杂一点点,用到了6个步骤:
(1)创建QTcpSever对象
server = new QTcpServer();
(2)侦听一个端口,使得客户端可以使用这个端口访问服务器
server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port);
(3)当服务器被客户端访问时,会发出newConnection()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数,并用一个QTcpSocket对象接受客户端访问
connect(server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&MainWindow::server_New_Connect); void MainWindow::server_New_Connect() { //获取客户端连接 socket = server->nextPendingConnection(); }
(4)使用socket的write函数向客户端发送数据
socket->write(data);
(5)当socket接收缓冲区有新数据到来时,会发出readRead()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数以读取数据
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data); void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data() { QByteArray buffer; //读取缓冲区数据 buffer = socket->readAll(); }
(6)取消侦听
server->close();
2、以下是服务器的例程
首先是mainwindow.h文件:
//mainwindow.h #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include <QMainWindow> #include <QTcpServer> #include <QTcpSocket> namespace Ui { class MainWindow; } class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT public: explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0); ~MainWindow(); private slots: void on_pushButton_Listen_clicked(); void on_pushButton_Send_clicked(); void server_New_Connect(); void socket_Read_Data(); void socket_Disconnected(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; QTcpServer* server; QTcpSocket* socket; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H
然后是mainwindow.cpp文件:
#include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); ui->lineEdit_Port->setText("8765"); ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false); server = new QTcpServer(); //连接信号槽 connect(server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&MainWindow::server_New_Connect); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { server->close(); server->deleteLater(); delete ui; } void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Listen_clicked() { if(ui->pushButton_Listen->text() == tr("侦听")) { //从输入框获取端口号 int port = ui->lineEdit_Port->text().toInt(); //监听指定的端口 if(!server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port)) { //若出错,则输出错误信息 qDebug()<<server->errorString(); return; } //修改按键文字 ui->pushButton_Listen->setText("取消侦听"); qDebug()<< "Listen succeessfully!"; } else { /* //如果正在连接(点击侦听后立即取消侦听,若socket没有指定对象会有异常,应修正——2017.9.30) if(socket->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState) { //关闭连接 socket->disconnectFromHost(); } */ socket->abort(); //取消侦听 server->close(); //修改按键文字 ui->pushButton_Listen->setText("侦听"); //发送按键失能 ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false); } } void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Send_clicked() { qDebug() << "Send: " << ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText(); //获取文本框内容并以ASCII码形式发送 socket->write(ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText().toLatin1()); socket->flush(); } void MainWindow::server_New_Connect() { //获取客户端连接 socket = server->nextPendingConnection(); //连接QTcpSocket的信号槽,以读取新数据 QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data); QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::disconnected, this, &MainWindow::socket_Disconnected); //发送按键使能 ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(true); qDebug() << "A Client connect!"; } void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data() { QByteArray buffer; //读取缓冲区数据 buffer = socket->readAll(); if(!buffer.isEmpty()) { QString str = ui->textEdit_Recv->toPlainText(); str+=tr(buffer); //刷新显示 ui->textEdit_Recv->setText(str); } } void MainWindow::socket_Disconnected() { //发送按键失能 ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false); qDebug() << "Disconnected!"; }
最后是ui的设计:
三、运行结果
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