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SpringMVC RESTful

十八岁讨厌编程 人气:0

需求分析

需求一:图片列表查询,从后台返回数据,将数据展示在页面上

需求二:新增图片,将新增图书的数据传递到后台,并在控制台打印

说明:此次案例的重点是在SpringMVC中如何使用RESTful实现前后台交互,所以本案例并没有和数据库进行交互,所有数据使用数据来完成开发。

我们的基本步骤:

环境准备

创建一个Web的Maven项目

pom.xml添加Spring依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.nefu</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_try</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <port>80</port>
          <path>/</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

创建对应的配置类

public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[0];
    }
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
    //乱码处理
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[]{filter};
    }
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.nefu.controller")
//开启json数据类型自动转换
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

编写模型类Book

public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String type;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    //setter...getter...toString略
}

编写BookController

@Controller
public class BookController {
}

项目结构:

后台接口开发

步骤1:编写Controller类并使用RESTful进行配置

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
    @PostMapping
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book);
        return "{'module':'book save success'}";
    }
 	@GetMapping
    public List<Book> getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll is running ...");
        List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
        Book book1 = new Book();
        book1.setType("计算机");
        book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程");
        book1.setDescription("小试牛刀");
        bookList.add(book1);
        Book book2 = new Book();
        book2.setType("计算机");
        book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程");
        book2.setDescription("一代宗师");
        bookList.add(book2);
        Book book3 = new Book();
        book3.setType("计算机丛书");
        book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶");
        book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作");
        bookList.add(book3);
        return bookList;
    }
}

步骤2:使用PostMan进行测试

测试新增

{
    "type":"计算机丛书",
    "name":"SpringMVC终极开发",
    "description":"这是一本好书"
}

测试查询

页面访问处理

步骤1:拷贝静态页面

将资料\功能页面下的所有内容拷贝到项目的webapp目录下

步骤2:访问pages目录下的books.html

打开浏览器输入http://localhost/pages/books.html

(1)出现错误的原因?

SpringMVC拦截了静态资源,根据/pages/books.html去controller找对应的方法,找不到所以会报404的错误。

(2)SpringMVC为什么会拦截静态资源呢?

(3)解决方案?

SpringMVC需要将静态资源进行放行。

@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    //设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载
    @Override
    protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        //当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容
        registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
    }
}

该配置类是在config目录下,SpringMVC扫描的是controller包,所以该配置类还未生效,要想生效需要将SpringMvcConfig配置类进行修改

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.nefu.controller","com.nefu.config"})
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
//或者
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.nefu")
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

注意:

此处有人可能会想着把SpringMvcSupport配置类上的@Configuration注解给去掉,然后在SpringMvcConfig文件中使用@Import进行引入这样是不行的!因为这样的话实际上是让SpringMvcConfig引入SpringMvcSupport配置类中所有的bean,但是你SpringMvcSupport配置类中就重写了一个方法,压根就没有bean。所以不能使用。 例如像下面这种才可以使用:

@Configuration
public class ImportedConfig {
   @Bean
   public ImportedBean getImportedBean(){
       return new ImportedBean();
   }
}

具体的@Import注解使用规则,可以参考下面的链接:

@Import注解详解

步骤3:修改books.html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <!-- 页面meta -->
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>SpringMVC案例</title>
        <!-- 引入样式 -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/elementui/index.css" rel="external nofollow" >
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="external nofollow" >
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css" rel="external nofollow" >
    </head>
    <body class="hold-transition">
        <div id="app">
            <div class="content-header">
                <h1>图书管理</h1>
            </div>
            <div class="app-container">
                <div class="box">
                    <div class="filter-container">
                        <el-input placeholder="图书名称" style="width: 200px;" class="filter-item"></el-input>
                        <el-button class="dalfBut">查询</el-button>
                        <el-button type="primary" class="butT" @click="openSave()">新建</el-button>
                    </div>
                    <el-table size="small" current-row-key="id" :data="dataList" stripe highlight-current-row>
                        <el-table-column type="index" align="center" label="序号"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column prop="type" label="图书类别" align="center"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column prop="name" label="图书名称" align="center"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column prop="description" label="描述" align="center"></el-table-column>
                        <el-table-column label="操作" align="center">
                            <template slot-scope="scope">
                                <el-button type="primary" size="mini">编辑</el-button>
                                <el-button size="mini" type="danger">删除</el-button>
                            </template>
                        </el-table-column>
                    </el-table>
                    <div class="pagination-container">
                        <el-pagination
                            class="pagiantion"
                            @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
                            :current-page="pagination.currentPage"
                            :page-size="pagination.pageSize"
                            layout="total, prev, pager, next, jumper"
                            :total="pagination.total">
                        </el-pagination>
                    </div>
                    <!-- 新增标签弹层 -->
                    <div class="add-form">
                        <el-dialog title="新增图书" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible">
                            <el-form ref="dataAddForm" :model="formData" :rules="rules" label-position="right" label-width="100px">
                                <el-row>
                                    <el-col :span="12">
                                        <el-form-item label="图书类别" prop="type">
                                            <el-input v-model="formData.type"/>
                                        </el-form-item>
                                    </el-col>
                                    <el-col :span="12">
                                        <el-form-item label="图书名称" prop="name">
                                            <el-input v-model="formData.name"/>
                                        </el-form-item>
                                    </el-col>
                                </el-row>
                                <el-row>
                                    <el-col :span="24">
                                        <el-form-item label="描述">
                                            <el-input v-model="formData.description" type="textarea"></el-input>
                                        </el-form-item>
                                    </el-col>
                                </el-row>
                            </el-form>
                            <div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
                                <el-button @click="dialogFormVisible = false">取消</el-button>
                                <el-button type="primary" @click="saveBook()">确定</el-button>
                            </div>
                        </el-dialog>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    <!-- 引入组件库 -->
    <script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
    <script src="../plugins/elementui/index.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
    <script>
        var vue = new Vue({
            el: '#app',
            data:{
				dataList: [],//当前页要展示的分页列表数据
                formData: {},//表单数据
                dialogFormVisible: false,//增加表单是否可见
                dialogFormVisible4Edit:false,//编辑表单是否可见
                pagination: {},//分页模型数据,暂时弃用
            },
            //钩子函数,VUE对象初始化完成后自动执行
            created() {
                this.getAll();
            },
            methods: {
                // 重置表单
                resetForm() {
                    //清空输入框
                    this.formData = {};
                },
                // 弹出添加窗口
                openSave() {
                    this.dialogFormVisible = true;
                    this.resetForm();
                },
                //添加
                saveBook () {
                    axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{
                    });
                },
                //主页列表查询
                getAll() {
                    axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{
                        this.dataList = res.data;
                    });
                },
            }
        })
    </script>
</html>

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