Java InheritableThreadLocal
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public class InheritableThreadLocalDemo { private static ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static void main(String[] args) { threadLocal.set("mainThread"); System.out.println("value:"+threadLocal.get()); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { String value = threadLocal.get(); System.out.println("value:"+value); } }); thread.start(); } }
上面代码中在主线程中设置了一个ThreadLocal变量,并将其值设置为mainThread
。然后有在主线程中开启了一个子线程thread
,并试图获取在主线程中set的ThreadLocal变量的值。但是结果如下:
value:mainThread
value:null
通过前面的文章介绍,对于上面的结果我们也就非常容易理解了。每个线程都会有一个自己的ThreadLocalMap,所以子线程在调用get方法拿值的时候其实访问的是自己的ThreadLocalMap,这个Map和主线程的Map是两个不同的对象,所以肯定是拿不到值的。
那么Java中有没有类似的对象能实现上面的功能呢?有,InheritableThreadLocal
就能实现这样的功能,这个类能让子线程继承父线程中已经设置的ThreadLocal值。
InheritableThreadLocal简单使用
还是以上面的列子为列,我们只需要将ThreadLocal变成InheritableThreadLocal就行了。
public class InheritableThreadLocalDemo { private static InheritableThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new InheritableThreadLocal<>(); public static void main(String[] args) { threadLocal.set("mainThread"); System.out.println("value:"+threadLocal.get()); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { String value = threadLocal.get(); System.out.println("value:"+value); } }); thread.start(); } }
执行结果如下:
value:mainThread
value:mainThread
InheritableThreadLocal原理分析
先看下InheritableThreadLocal的源代码:
public class InheritableThreadLocal<T> extends ThreadLocal<T> { protected T childValue(T parentValue) { return parentValue; } ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) { return t.inheritableThreadLocals; } void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) { t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue); } }
这个类继承了ThreadLocal,并且重写了getMap和createMap方法,区别就是将 ThreadLocal 中的 threadLocals 换成了 inheritableThreadLocals,这两个变量都是ThreadLocalMap类型,并且都是Thread类的属性。
下面就一步步来看下InheritableThreadLocal为什么能拿到父线程中的ThreadLocal值。
step1:InheritableThreadLocal获取值先调用了get方法,所以我们直接看看get方法都做了些啥。
public T get() { Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); if (map != null) { ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this); if (e != null) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") T result = (T)e.value; return result; } } return setInitialValue(); }
从上面的代码可以看出,get方法和ThreadLocal中是一样的,唯一有区别的就是其中的getMap方法重写了,返回的是inheritableThreadLocals属性。这个属性也是一个ThreadLocalMap类型的变量。那么从这边就可以推断出来:肯定是在某处将父线程中的ThreadLocal值赋值到了子线程的inheritableThreadLocals中。
step2:在源代码中搜索哪些地方使用到了inheritableThreadLocals
这个属性,最后找到这段代码:
private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc) { if (name == null) { throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null"); } this.name = name.toCharArray(); Thread parent = currentThread(); SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); if (g == null) { if (security != null) { g = security.getThreadGroup(); } if (g == null) { g = parent.getThreadGroup(); } } g.checkAccess(); if (security != null) { if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) { security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION); } } g.addUnstarted(); this.group = g; this.daemon = parent.isDaemon(); this.priority = parent.getPriority(); if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass())) this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader(); else this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader; this.inheritedAccessControlContext = acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext(); this.target = target; setPriority(priority); //1. 这边先判断了父线程中inheritableThreadLocals属性是否为空,不为空的话就复制给子线程 if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null) this.inheritableThreadLocals = ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals); /* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */ this.stackSize = stackSize; /* Set thread ID */ tid = nextThreadID(); }
上面的代码印证了我们的猜想。需要注意的是一旦子线程被创建以后,再操作父线程中的ThreadLocal变量,那么子线程是不能感知的。因为父线程和子线程还是拥有各自的ThreadLocalMap,只是在创建子线程的“一刹那”将父线程的ThreadLocalMap复制给子线程,后续两者就没啥关系了。
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