R语言ggplot2图例

时间:2022-09-28 探索者v 人气:0

本文在 http://www.cookbook-r.com/Graphs/Scatterplots_(ggplot2)/ 的基础上加入了自己的理解

图例用来解释图中的各种含义,比如颜色,形状,大小等等, 在ggplot2中aes中的参数(x, y 除外)基本都会生成图例来解释图形, 比如 fill, colour, linetype, shape.

基本箱线图(带有图例)

library(ggplot2)
bp <- ggplot(data=PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight, fill=group)) + geom_boxplot()
bp

移除图例

Use guides(fill=FALSE), replacing fill with the desired aesthetic. 使用 guides(fill=FALSE) 移除由ase中匹配的fill生成的图例, 也可以使用theme You can also remove all the legends in a graph, using theme.

bp + guides(fill=FALSE)

# 也可以这也
bp + scale_fill_discrete(guide=FALSE)

# 移除所有图例
bp + theme(legend.position="none")

修改图例的内容

改变图例的顺序为 trt1, ctrl, trt2:

bp + scale_fill_discrete(breaks=c("trt1","ctrl","trt2"))

根据不同的分类,可以使用 scale_fill_manual, scale_colour_hue,scale_colour_manual, scale_shape_discrete, scale_linetype_discrete 等等.

颠倒图例的顺序

# 多种方法
bp + guides(fill = guide_legend(reverse=TRUE))

# 也可以
bp + scale_fill_discrete(guide = guide_legend(reverse=TRUE))

# 还可以这也
bp + scale_fill_discrete(breaks = rev(levels(PlantGrowth$group)))

隐藏图例标题

# Remove title for fill legend
bp + guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))

# Remove title for all legends
bp + theme(legend.title=element_blank())

修改图例中的标签

两种方法一种是直接修改标签, 另一种是修改data.frame

Using scales

图例可以根据 fill, colour, linetype, shape 等绘制, 我们以 fill 为例, scale_fill_xxx, xxx 表示处理数据的一种方法, 可以是 hue(对颜色的定量操作), continuous(连续型数据处理), discete(离散型数据处理)等等.

# 设置图例名称
bp + scale_fill_discrete(name="Experimental\nCondition")

# 设置图例的名称, 重新定义新的标签名称
bp + scale_fill_discrete(name="Experimental\nCondition",
                         breaks=c("ctrl", "trt1", "trt2"),
                         labels=c("Control", "Treatment 1", "Treatment 2"))

# 自定义fill的颜色
bp + scale_fill_manual(values=c("#999999", "#E69F00", "#56B4E9"), 
                       name="Experimental\nCondition",
                       breaks=c("ctrl", "trt1", "trt2"),
                       labels=c("Control", "Treatment 1", "Treatment 2"))

注意这里并不能修改 x轴的标签,如果需要改变x轴的标签,可以参照http://blog.csdn.net/tanzuozhev/article/details/51107583

# A different data set
df1 <- data.frame(
    sex = factor(c("Female","Female","Male","Male")),
    time = factor(c("Lunch","Dinner","Lunch","Dinner"), levels=c("Lunch","Dinner")),
    total_bill = c(13.53, 16.81, 16.24, 17.42)
)
 
# A basic graph
lp <- ggplot(data=df1, aes(x=time, y=total_bill, group=sex, shape=sex)) + geom_line() + geom_point()
lp

# 修改图例
lp + scale_shape_discrete(name  ="Payer",
                          breaks=c("Female", "Male"),
                          labels=c("Woman", "Man"))

If you use both colour and shape, they both need to be given scale specifications. Otherwise there will be two two separate legends. 如果同时使用 color和shape,那么必须都进行scale_xx_xxx的定义,否则color和shape的图例就会合并到一起, 如果 scale_xx_xxx 中的name相同,那么他们也会合并到一起.

# Specify colour and shape
lp1 <- ggplot(data=df1, aes(x=time, y=total_bill, group=sex, shape=sex, colour=sex)) + geom_line() + geom_point()
lp1

# Here's what happens if you just specify colour
lp1 + scale_colour_discrete(name  ="Payer",
                            breaks=c("Female", "Male"),
                            labels=c("Woman", "Man"))

# Specify both colour and shape
lp1 + scale_colour_discrete(name  ="Payer",
                            breaks=c("Female", "Male"),
                            labels=c("Woman", "Man")) +
      scale_shape_discrete(name  ="Payer",
                           breaks=c("Female", "Male"),
                           labels=c("Woman", "Man"))

### scale的种类

scale_xxx_yyy:

xxx 的分类 colour: 点线或者其他图形的框线颜色 fill: 填充颜色 linetype :线型, 实线虚线点线 shape: 点的性状,超级多,可以自己搜索一下 size: 点的大小 alpha: 透明度

yyy 的分离 hue: 设置色调范围（h）、饱和度（c）和亮度（l）获取颜色 manual: 手动设置 gradient: 颜色梯度 grey: 设置灰度值discrete: 离散数据 (e.g., colors, point shapes, line types, point sizes) continuous 连续行数据 (e.g., alpha, colors, point sizes)

修改data.frame的factor

pg <- PlantGrowth    # Copy data into new data frame
# Rename the column and the values in the factor
levels(pg$group)[levels(pg$group)=="ctrl"] <- "Control"
levels(pg$group)[levels(pg$group)=="trt1"] <- "Treatment 1"
levels(pg$group)[levels(pg$group)=="trt2"] <- "Treatment 2"
names(pg)[names(pg)=="group"]  <- "Experimental Condition"
 
# View a few rows from the end product
head(pg)

##   weight Experimental Condition
## 1   4.17                Control
## 2   5.58                Control
## 3   5.18                Control
## 4   6.11                Control
## 5   4.50                Control
## 6   4.61                Control

# Make the plot 
ggplot(data=pg, aes(x=`Experimental Condition`, y=weight, fill=`Experimental Condition`)) +
    geom_boxplot()

修改标题和标签的显示

# 标题
bp + theme(legend.title = element_text(colour="blue", size=16, face="bold"))

# 标签
bp + theme(legend.text = element_text(colour="blue", size = 16, face = "bold"))

修改图例的框架

bp + theme(legend.background = element_rect())

bp + theme(legend.background = element_rect(fill="gray90", size=.5, linetype="dotted"))

设置图例的位置

图例的位置(left/right/top/bottom):

bp + theme(legend.position="top")

也可以根据坐标来设置图例的位置, 左下角为 (0,0), 右上角为(1,1)

# Position legend in graph, where x,y is 0,0 (bottom left) to 1,1 (top right)
bp + theme(legend.position=c(.5, .5))

# Set the "anchoring point" of the legend (bottom-left is 0,0; top-right is 1,1)
# Put bottom-left corner of legend box in bottom-left corner of graph
bp + theme(legend.justification=c(0,0), # 这个参数设置很关键
           legend.position=c(0,0))

# Put bottom-right corner of legend box in bottom-right corner of graph
bp + theme(legend.justification=c(1,0), legend.position=c(1,0))

隐藏斜线

# No outline
ggplot(data=PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, fill=group)) +
    geom_bar()

# 如果设置了颜色, 那么图例中就会出现 黑色斜线
ggplot(data=PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, fill=group)) +
    geom_bar(colour="black")

# 黑魔法: 可以先设置geom_bar, 然后再来一个没有 图例 的 geom_bar
ggplot(data=PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, fill=group)) +
    geom_bar() +
    geom_bar(colour="black", show_guide=FALSE)

总结

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