Qt串口助手
林子xxx 人气:01.界面布局
这是一个常见的串口助手布局。要说有什么不常见，大概就是发送可以选择编码方式：GBK/UTF8
2.要点
没什么难度，就是水磨工夫，一点点写。容易错处的地方都写在代码注释里。
3.代码
下面是 mainwindow.cpp 文件。
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <qdebug.h>
QSerialPort *serial;
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
serial = new QSerialPort;
findSerialPort();
ui->cbbBaudrate->addItem(QStringLiteral("4800"), QSerialPort::Baud4800);
ui->cbbBaudrate->addItem(QStringLiteral("9600"), QSerialPort::Baud9600);
ui->cbbBaudrate->addItem(QStringLiteral("19200"), QSerialPort::Baud19200);
ui->cbbBaudrate->addItem(QStringLiteral("38400"), QSerialPort::Baud38400);
ui->cbbBaudrate->addItem(QStringLiteral("115200"), QSerialPort::Baud115200);
ui->cbbBaudrate->setCurrentIndex(4);
//添加数据位
ui->cbbDataSize->addItem(QStringLiteral("5"), QSerialPort::Data5);
ui->cbbDataSize->addItem(QStringLiteral("6"), QSerialPort::Data6);
ui->cbbDataSize->addItem(QStringLiteral("7"), QSerialPort::Data7);
ui->cbbDataSize->addItem(QStringLiteral("8"), QSerialPort::Data8);
ui->cbbDataSize->setCurrentIndex(3);
//添加奇偶校验位
ui->cbbParity->addItem(tr("None"), QSerialPort::NoParity);
ui->cbbParity->addItem(tr("Even"), QSerialPort::EvenParity);
ui->cbbParity->addItem(tr("Odd"), QSerialPort::OddParity);
ui->cbbParity->addItem(tr("Mark"), QSerialPort::MarkParity);
ui->cbbParity->addItem(tr("Space"), QSerialPort::SpaceParity);
ui->cbbParity->setCurrentIndex(0);
//添加停止位
ui->cbbStopbit->addItem(QStringLiteral("1"), QSerialPort::OneStop);
ui->cbbStopbit->addItem(QStringLiteral("1.5"), QSerialPort::OneAndHalfStop);//
ui->cbbStopbit->addItem(QStringLiteral("2"), QSerialPort::TwoStop);
ui->cbbStopbit->setCurrentIndex(0);
//添加流控位
ui->cbbFlowbit->addItem(tr("None"), QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
ui->cbbFlowbit->addItem(tr("RTS/CTS"), QSerialPort::HardwareControl);
ui->cbbFlowbit->addItem(tr("XON/XOFF"), QSerialPort::SoftwareControl);
ui->cbbFlowbit->setCurrentIndex(0);
//禁用发送按钮
ui->btnSend->setEnabled(false);
ui->btnOpen->setStatusTip(tr("打开/关闭串口"));
ui->rdbGbk->setStatusTip("以GBK编码发送" );
ui->rdbUtf8->setStatusTip(tr("以UTF8编码发送"));
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
delete ui;
}
void MainWindow::findSerialPort()
{
ui->cbbPort->clear();
foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
{
QSerialPort tempserial;
tempserial.setPort(info);
if(tempserial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
{
ui->cbbPort->addItem(info.description()+":"+tempserial.portName(),tempserial.portName());
tempserial.close();
}
}
}
void MainWindow::setsuienable( bool en )
{
ui->cbbPort->setEnabled(en);
ui->cbbBaudrate->setEnabled(en);
ui->cbbDataSize->setEnabled(en);
ui->cbbParity->setEnabled(en);
ui->cbbStopbit->setEnabled(en);
ui->cbbFlowbit->setEnabled(en);
}
void MainWindow::on_btnOpen_clicked()
{
if(ui->btnOpen->text() != "关闭")
{
if( !ui->cbbPort->currentText().isNull() )
{
ui->btnOpen->setText("关闭");
ui->btnSend->setEnabled(true);
ui->btnFind->setEnabled(false);
setsuienable(false);
serial->setPortName(ui->cbbPort->currentData(Qt::UserRole).value<QString>() );
serial->setBaudRate(ui->cbbBaudrate->currentData(Qt::UserRole).value<qint32>() );
serial->setDataBits(ui->cbbDataSize->currentData(Qt::UserRole).value<QSerialPort::DataBits>() );
serial->setFlowControl(ui->cbbDataSize->currentData(Qt::UserRole).value<QSerialPort::FlowControl>() );
serial->setParity(ui->cbbDataSize->currentData(Qt::UserRole).value<QSerialPort::Parity>() );
serial->setStopBits(ui->cbbDataSize->currentData(Qt::UserRole).value<QSerialPort::StopBits>() );
serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);
connect(serial, &QSerialPort::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::serialReadData);
}
}
else
{
serial->close();
setsuienable(true);
ui->btnSend->setEnabled(false);
ui->btnOpen->setText("打开");
ui->btnFind->setEnabled(true);
}
}
//字符串数据转为HEX，16进制形式。譬如将 “30”转为“0”
bool StringToHex( QString &dst,const QString src )
{
QStringList list = src.trimmed().split(QRegExp("\t|\n|\r\n|\r| |,|;")); //去除头尾空白，再分割
foreach (QString n, list )
{
bool res;
if(n.isEmpty())continue;
int d= n.toInt(&res,16);
if(d>255){ return false ;}
char c = d;
if(res)
dst.append(c);
else
return false ;
}
return true;
}
//UTF8转为GBK
QByteArray Utf8ToGbk(QByteArray buf)
{
QTextCodec* Utf8Codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8");
QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(Utf8Codec);
QTextCodec* GbkCodec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK");
QByteArray ByteGbk = GbkCodec->fromUnicode( Utf8Codec->toUnicode( buf ) ); //先Unicode编码，后arr
return ByteGbk ;
}
//串口发送
void MainWindow::on_btnSend_clicked()
{
if( ui->teSend->toPlainText() .isEmpty() )return;
if( ui->ckbSendhex->isChecked() )
{
QString txt;
if( StringToHex( txt ,ui->teSend->toPlainText() ) )
{
serial->write( txt.toLatin1() );
}else
{
QMessageBox::about(this,tr("提示"),tr("HEX数据格式错误，\n数据形式类似：30 34 56"));
}
}
else{
if( ui->rdbUtf8->isChecked() )
{
serial->write( ui->teSend->toPlainText().toUtf8() );
}else
{
QByteArray arrutf8 =ui->teSend->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit();
serial->write( Utf8ToGbk(arrutf8) );
}
}
}
//串口接收处理
void MainWindow::serialReadData()
{
//注意，直接append会从下一行开始，所以先放入QString
QByteArray buf = serial->readAll();
if(!buf.isEmpty())
{
QString txt = ui->teReceive->toPlainText();
if( ui->ckbReceivehex->isChecked() )
{
ui->teReceive->append( QString( buf.toHex(' ') ) );
}
else
{
QTextCodec::ConverterState state;
QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8");
QString str = codec->toUnicode( buf.constData(), buf.size(), &state);
if ( state.invalidChars )
{
str = QTextCodec::codecForName( "GBK" )->toUnicode(buf);
}
else
{
str = codec->toUnicode(buf);
}
ui->teReceive->clear();
ui->teReceive->append( txt+str );
}
}
}
void MainWindow::on_btnClearReceive_clicked()
{
ui->teReceive->clear();
}
void MainWindow::on_btnClearSend_clicked()
{
ui->teSend->clear();
}
void MainWindow::on_btnFind_clicked()
{
ui->btnFind->setEnabled(false);
findSerialPort();
ui->btnFind->setEnabled(true);
}4.效果
测试可以发送和接收GK/UTF8编码的数据。下图是和ATK-XCOM通过虚拟串口交互。
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