python中Requests请求
你是猴子请来的救兵吗!! 人气:0一、requests
request的说法网上有很多,简单来说就是就是python里的很强大的类库,可以帮助你发很多的网络请求,比如get,post,put,delete等等,这里最常见的应该就是get和post
二、requests安装方式
$ pip install requests $ easy_install requests
三、说说常见的两种请求,get和post
1、get请求
(1)参数直接跟在url后面,即url的“ ?”后面,以key=value&key=value的形式
(2)由于get的参数是暴露在外面的,所以一般不传什么敏感信息,经常用于查询等操作
(3)由于参数是跟在url后面的,所以上传的数据量不大
2、post请求
(1)参数可以写在url后面,也可以写在body里面
(2)用body上传请求数据,上传的数据量比get大
(3)由于写在body体里,相对安全
post正文格式
(1)form表单 html提交数据的默认格式
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
例如: username=admin&password123
(2) multipart-form-data . 复合表单 可转数据+文件
(3)纯文本格式 raw ,最常见的 json . xml html js
Content-Type:application/json . text/xml . text/html
(4) binary . 二进制格式:只能上传一个文件
四、requests发送请求
1、requests发送get请求
url = "http://www.search:9001/search/" param = {"key":"你好"} res = requests.get(url=url, params=params)
2、request发送post请求 (body是json格式,如果还带cookie)
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} #必须有 url = "http://www.search:9001/search/" data= {"key":"你好"} cookies = {"uid":"1"} res = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data, cookies=cookies)
3、 request发送post请求 (body是urlencoded格式)
url = "http://www.search:9001/search/" data= {"key":"你好"} res = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers)
4、 request上传文件
def post_file_request(url, file_path): if os.path.exists(file_path): if url not in [None, ""]: if url.startswith("http") or url.startswith("https"): files = {'file': open(file_path, 'rb')} res = requests.post(url, files=files, data=data) return {"code": 0, "res": res} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "url格式不正确"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "url不能为空"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "文件路径不存在"}
五、response
request发送请求后,会返回一个response,response里有好多信息,我进行了一下封装,基本如下
@staticmethod def get_response_text(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.text.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')} #这种方式可以将url编码转成中文,返回响应文本 else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_status_code(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.status_code} #返回响应状态吗 else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_cookies(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.cookies} #返回cookies else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_headers(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.headers} #返回headers else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_encoding(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.encoding} #返回编码格式 else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"}
补充:requests中遇到问题
获取cookie
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- #获取cookie import requests import json url = "https://www.baidu.com/" r = requests.get(url) #将RequestsCookieJar转换成字典 c = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(r.cookies) print(r.cookies) print(c) for a in r.cookies: print(a.name,a.value) >> 控制台输出: <RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]> {'BDORZ': '27315'} BDORZ 27315
发送Cookie
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- #发送cookie到服务器 import requests import json host = "*****" endpoint = "cookies" url = ''.join([host,endpoint]) #方法一:简单发送 # cookies = {"aaa":"bbb"} # r = requests.get(url,cookies=cookies) # print r.text #方法二:复杂发送 s = requests.session() c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar() c.set('c-name','c-value',path='/xxx/uuu',domain='.test.com') s.cookies.update(c)
总结
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