C语言死锁
liufeng2023 人气:0死锁
有时,一个线程需要同时访问两个或更多不同的共享资源,而每个资源又都由不同的互斥量管理。当超过一个线程加锁同一组互斥量时,就有可能发生死锁;
两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺共享资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。此时称系统处于死锁状态或系统产生了死锁。
死锁的几种场景:
- 忘记释放锁
- 重复加锁(重复加相同的锁)
- 多线程多锁,抢占锁资源
//多线程多锁,抢占锁资源 #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <unistd.h> // 创建2个互斥量 pthread_mutex_t mutex1, mutex2; void * workA(void * arg) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex1); sleep(1); pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2); printf("workA....\n"); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex2); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex1); return NULL; } void * workB(void * arg) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2); sleep(1); pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex1); printf("workB....\n"); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex1); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex2); return NULL; } int main() { // 初始化互斥量 pthread_mutex_init(&mutex1, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&mutex2, NULL); // 创建2个子线程 pthread_t tid1, tid2; pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, workA, NULL); pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, workB, NULL); // 回收子线程资源 pthread_join(tid1, NULL); pthread_join(tid2, NULL); // 释放互斥量资源 pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex1); pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex2); return 0; }
执行结果:
读写锁
/* 读写锁的类型 pthread_rwlock_t int pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *restrict rwlock, const pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr); int pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock); int pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock); int pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock); int pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock); int pthread_rwlock_trywrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock); int pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock); 案例:8个线程操作同一个全局变量。 3个线程不定时写这个全局变量,5个线程不定时的读这个全局变量 */ #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <unistd.h> // 创建一个共享数据 int num = 1; // pthread_mutex_t mutex; pthread_rwlock_t rwlock; void * writeNum(void * arg) { while(1) { pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&rwlock); num++; printf("++write, tid : %ld, num : %d\n", pthread_self(), num); pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock); usleep(100); } return NULL; } void * readNum(void * arg) { while(1) { pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwlock); printf("===read, tid : %ld, num : %d\n", pthread_self(), num); pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock); usleep(100); } return NULL; } int main() { pthread_rwlock_init(&rwlock, NULL); // 创建3个写线程,5个读线程 pthread_t wtids[3], rtids[5]; for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { pthread_create(&wtids[i], NULL, writeNum, NULL); } for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { pthread_create(&rtids[i], NULL, readNum, NULL); } // 设置线程分离 for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { pthread_detach(wtids[i]); } for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { pthread_detach(rtids[i]); } pthread_exit(NULL); pthread_rwlock_destroy(&rwlock); return 0; }
执行结果:
读时共享,相比互斥锁,提高效率。
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