python turtle绘图
autofelix 人气:0一、安装
- 写出许多有趣的可视化东西
- 也可以画出很多奇妙的图案
pip install turtule
二、画布
- 画布就是turtle为我们展开用于绘图区域
- 我们可以设置它的大小和初始位置
import turtle # 返回默认大小(400, 300) turtle.screensize() # 设置画布方法一,设置宽、高、背景色 turtle.screensize(800, 600, "green") # 设置画布方法二, 宽高为小数时候为占据电脑屏幕比例, 宽高为整数时候为像素 turtle.setup(width=0.6, height=0.6) # startx,starty表示矩形窗口左上角顶点的位置, 如果为空, 则窗口位于屏幕中心 turtle.setup(width=800, height=800, startx=100, starty=100)
三、画笔
- 可以设置画笔的属性,颜色、画线的宽度等
import turtle # 设置画笔的宽度 turtle.pensize() # 没有参数传入,返回当前画笔颜色,传入参数设置画笔颜色 turtle.pencolor() # 设置画笔移动速度,画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数,数字越大越快 turtle.speed(speed)
四、绘图命令
import turtle # 向当前画笔方向移动distance像素长 turtle.forward(distance) # 向当前画笔相反方向移动distance像素长度 turtle.backward(distance) # 顺时针移动degree° turtle.right(degree) # 逆时针移动degree° turtle.left(degree) # 移动时绘制图形,缺省时也为绘制 turtle.pendown() # 将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置 turtle.goto(x,y) # 移动时不绘制图形,提起笔,用于另起一个地方绘制时用 turtle.penup() # 画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数 turtle.speed(speed) # 画圆,半径为正(负),表示圆心在画笔的左边(右边)画圆 turtle.circle()
五、画笔控制命令
import turtle # 绘制图形时的宽度 turtle.pensize(width) # 画笔颜色 turtle.pencolor() # 绘制图形的填充颜色 turtle.fillcolor(colorstring) # 同时设置pencolor=color1, fillcolor=color2 turtle.color(color1, color2) # 返回当前是否在填充状态 turtle.filling() # 准备开始填充图形 turtle.begin_fill() # 填充完成 turtle.end_fill() # 隐藏箭头显示 turtle.hideturtle() # 与hideturtle()函数对应 turtle.showturtle()
六、全局控制命令
import turtle # 清空turtle窗口,但是turtle的位置和状态不会改变 turtle.clear() # 清空窗口,重置turtle状态为起始状态 turtle.reset() # 撤销上一个turtle动作 turtle.undo() # 返回当前turtle是否可见 turtle.isvisible() # 复制当前图形 stamp() # 写文本,s为文本内容,font是字体的参数,里面分别为字体名称,大小和类型 turtle.write(s[,font=("font-name",font_size,"font_type")])
七、绘制方形螺旋
from turtle import * for i in range(500): forward(i) left(91)
八、绘制彩色螺旋
from turtle import * colors = ['red', 'purple', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow', 'orange'] for x in range(360): pencolor(colors[x % 6]) width(x / 100 + 1) forward(x) left(59)
九、绘制太阳花
import turtle as t import time t.color("red", "yellow") t.speed(10) t.begin_fill() for _ in range(50): t.forward(200) t.left(170) end_fill() time.sleep(1)
十、绘制小蟒蛇
import turtle def drawSnake(rad, angle, len, neckrad): for _ in range(len): turtle.circle(rad, angle) turtle.circle(-rad, angle) turtle.circle(rad, angle/2) turtle.forward(rad/2) # 直线前进 turtle.circle(neckrad, 180) turtle.forward(rad/4) if __name__ == "__main__": turtle.setup(1500, 1400, 0, 0) turtle.pensize(30) # 画笔尺寸 turtle.pencolor("green") turtle.seth(-40) # 前进的方向 drawSnake(70, 80, 2, 15)
十一、绘制五角星
import turtle import time turtle.pensize(5) turtle.pencolor("yellow") turtle.fillcolor("red") turtle.begin_fill() for _ in range(5): turtle.forward(200) turtle.right(144) turtle.end_fill() time.sleep(2) turtle.penup() turtle.goto(-150,-120) turtle.color("violet") turtle.write("Done", font=('Arial', 40, 'normal')) time.sleep(1)
十二、绘制小猪佩奇
from turtle import* # 绘制鼻子 def nose(x,y): pu() goto(x,y) pd() seth(-30) begin_fill() a=0.4 for i in range(120): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 lt(3) #向左转3度 fd(a) #向前走a的步长 else: a=a-0.08 lt(3) fd(a) end_fill() pu() seth(90) fd(25) seth(0) fd(10) pd() pencolor(255,155,192) seth(10) begin_fill() circle(5) color(160,82,45) end_fill() pu() seth(0) fd(20) pd() pencolor(255,155,192) seth(10) begin_fill() circle(5) color(160,82,45) end_fill() # 绘制头部 def head(x,y): color((255,155,192),"pink") pu() goto(x,y) seth(0) pd() begin_fill() seth(180) circle(300,-30) circle(100,-60) circle(80,-100) circle(150,-20) circle(60,-95) seth(161) circle(-300,15) pu() goto(-100,100) pd() seth(-30) a=0.4 for i in range(60): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 lt(3) #向左转3度 fd(a) #向前走a的步长 else: a=a-0.08 lt(3) fd(a) end_fill() # 绘制耳朵 def ears(x,y): color((255,155,192),"pink") pu() goto(x,y) pd() begin_fill() seth(100) circle(-50,50) circle(-10,120) circle(-50,54) end_fill() pu() seth(90) fd(-12) seth(0) fd(30) pd() begin_fill() seth(100) circle(-50,50) circle(-10,120) circle(-50,56) end_fill() # 绘制眼睛 def eyes(x,y): color((255,155,192),"white") pu() seth(90) fd(-20) seth(0) fd(-95) pd() begin_fill() circle(15) end_fill() color("black") pu() seth(90) fd(12) seth(0) fd(-3) pd() begin_fill() circle(3) end_fill() color((255,155,192),"white") pu() seth(90) fd(-25) seth(0) fd(40) pd() begin_fill() circle(15) end_fill() color("black") pu() seth(90) fd(12) seth(0) fd(-3) pd() begin_fill() circle(3) end_fill() # 绘制腮 def cheek(x,y): color((255,155,192)) pu() goto(x,y) pd() seth(0) begin_fill() circle(30) end_fill() # 绘制嘴巴 def mouth(x,y): color(239,69,19) pu() goto(x,y) pd() seth(-80) circle(30,40) circle(40,80) # 绘制身体 def body(x,y): color("red",(255,99,71)) pu() goto(x,y) pd() begin_fill() seth(-130) circle(100,10) circle(300,30) seth(0) fd(230) seth(90) circle(300,30) circle(100,3) color((255,155,192),(255,100,100)) seth(-135) circle(-80,63) circle(-150,24) end_fill() # 绘制手 def hands(x,y): color((255,155,192)) pu() goto(x,y) pd() seth(-160) circle(300,15) pu() seth(90) fd(15) seth(0) fd(0) pd() seth(-10) circle(-20,90) pu() seth(90) fd(30) seth(0) fd(237) pd() seth(-20) circle(-300,15) pu() seth(90) fd(20) seth(0) fd(0) pd() seth(-170) circle(20,90) # 绘制脚 def foot(x,y): pensize(10) color((240,128,128)) pu() goto(x,y) pd() seth(-90) fd(40) seth(-180) color("black") pensize(15) fd(20) pensize(10) color((240,128,128)) pu() seth(90) fd(40) seth(0) fd(90) pd() seth(-90) fd(40) seth(-180) color("black") pensize(15) fd(20) # 绘制尾巴 def tail(x,y): pensize(4) color((255,155,192)) pu() goto(x,y) pd() seth(0) circle(70,20) circle(10,330) circle(70,30) # 参数设置 def setting(): pensize(4) hideturtle() colormode(255) color((255,155,192),"pink") setup(840,500) speed(10) if __name__ == "__main__": setting() #画布、画笔设置 nose(-100,100) #鼻子 head(-69,167) #头 ears(0,160) #耳朵 eyes(0,140) #眼睛 cheek(80,10) #腮 mouth(-20,30) #嘴 body(-32,-8) #身体 hands(-56,-45) #手 foot(2,-177) #脚 tail(148,-155) #尾巴 done() #结束
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