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SpringBoot JavaMailSender发邮件

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前言

项目中邮件发送为常用功能之一,例如注册成功后需要发送激活邮件,账号的会员到期提示,每日报表统计等功能都需要自动发送邮件,本文将讲解Spring Boot如何实现邮件发送功能。

集成步骤

添加依赖

  <dependency>
	  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
    </dependency>

邮件配置信息

在resource目录下新增mail.properties内容如下:

#企业邮件配置
mail.host=smtp.exmail.qq.com
#端口
mail.port=587
mail.userName=xxx.com
mail.password=yyy
mail.smtp.timeou=15000
mail.smtp.auth=false
mail.smtp.socketFactory.class=javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory

加载属性文件

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mail")
@PropertySource(value = { "classpath:mail.properties" })
public class MailSenderConfig implements Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4558468113448742143L;

    /**
     * 主机
     */
    private String host;

    /**
     * 端口
     */
    private int port;

    /**
     * 用户名
     */
    private String userName;

    /***
     * 密码
     */
    private String password;
    
    //省略get、set方法
  }

通过@PropertySource注解加载外部属性文件,不熟悉的朋友可以查看这篇文章

邮件配置类

@Configuration
public class MailConfig
{
   @Autowired
   private MailSenderConfig mailSenderConfig;
   
   @Bean
   public JavaMailSenderImpl createMailSender()
   {
       JavaMailSenderImpl javaMailSender =new JavaMailSenderImpl();
       javaMailSender.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
       javaMailSender.setHost(mailSenderConfig.getHost());
       javaMailSender.setPort(mailSenderConfig.getPort());
       javaMailSender.setProtocol(JavaMailSenderImpl.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL);
       javaMailSender.setUsername(mailSenderConfig.getUserName());
       javaMailSender.setPassword(mailSenderConfig.getPassword());
       Properties p = new Properties();
       p.setProperty("mail.smtp.timeout", "25000");
       p.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
       p.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
       javaMailSender.setJavaMailProperties(p);
       return javaMailSender;
   }
}

注意:JavaMailSenderImpl是JavaMailSender的实现。

代码实现

发送简单邮件

邮件实体类

public class Mail implements Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1001194001681838276L;
    /**
     * 发送者
     */
    private String from;
    /**
     * 接收者
     */
    private String to;
    private String cc;
    private String bcc;
    /**
     * 主题
     */
    private String subject;
    /**
     * 内容
     */
    private String body;
    private String fileName;
    /**
     * 文件路径
     */
    private String filePath;
   //
  } 

业务实现类

public interface MailService
{
    /**
     * 发送简单邮件
     * @param mail
     */
  void sendSimpleMail(Mail mail);
 }
 
 // 实现类
 @Component
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService
{
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MailServiceImpl.class);
    
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
    
    @Autowired
    private SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine;
    
    public void sendSimpleMail(Mail mail)
    {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(mail.getFrom());
        message.setTo(mail.getTo());
        message.setSubject(mail.getSubject());
        message.setText(mail.getBody());
        mailSender.send(message);
        logger.info("发送完毕");
    }
 }

测试类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("mail")
public class MailController
{
    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;
    
    @Async
    @GetMapping("sendSimplEmail")
    public String sendSimplEmail() 
    {
        Mail mail = new Mail();
        mail.setFrom("xx@qq.com);
        mail.setTo("yyy@qq.com");
        mail.setSubject("测试邮件");
        mail.setBody("这是一封测试邮件");
        mailService.sendSimpleMail(mail);
        
        return "发送成功";
    }

注意:邮件功能需要异步发送,所以采用的@Async注解来实现。

至此简单的邮件发送功能已经完成。

扩展功能

发送Html内容的邮件

发送简单的邮件,有时候无法满足业务的需求,我们需要至此发送带HTMl内容格式的邮件。

业务实现类

 public void sendHtmlMail(Mail mail)
    {
        MimeMessage message =mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper messageHelper=null;
        try
        {
            // 设置编码utf-8
            messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
            messageHelper.setFrom(mail.getFrom());
            messageHelper.setTo(mail.getTo());
            messageHelper.setSubject(mail.getSubject());
            //转换html
            messageHelper.setText(mail.getBody(),true);
            mailSender.send(message);
        }
        catch (MessagingException e)
        {
            logger.error("发送邮件失败");
            throw new RuntimeException("发送邮件失败",e);
        }
        logger.info("发送完毕");
    }

注意事项: 1.采用html格式的邮件需要注意内容的格式,采用UTF-8格式否则中文会出现乱码。 2.设置邮件内容时,需要将设置为true,否则html内容会原本输出。

测试类

   @Async
    @GetMapping("sendHtmlEmail")
    public String sendHtmlEmail() 
    {
        Mail mail = new Mail();
        mail.setFrom("xx@qq.com);
        mail.setTo("yyy@qq.com");
        mail.setSubject("测试html格式邮件");
        String content = "<html>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "<h3>hello! 这是测试html内容邮件!</h3>\n" +
                "</body>\n" +
                "</html>";
        
        mail.setBody(content);
        mailService.sendHtmlMail(mail);
        
        return "发送成功";
    }

发送带附件邮件

业务实现类

   public void sendAttachmentsMail(Mail mail)
    {
        MimeMessage message =mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper messageHelper=null;
        try
        {
            // 设置编码utf-8
            messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
            messageHelper.setFrom(mail.getFrom());
            messageHelper.setTo(mail.getTo());
            messageHelper.setSubject(mail.getSubject());
            //转换html
            messageHelper.setText(mail.getBody(),true);
            
            // 附件
            FileSystemResource resourse = new FileSystemResource(new File(mail.getFilePath()));
            // 附件名称和路径
            messageHelper.addAttachment(mail.getFileName(), resourse);
            mailSender.send(message);
        }
        catch (MessagingException e)
        {
            logger.error("发送邮件失败");
            throw new RuntimeException("发送邮件失败",e);
        }
        logger.info("发送完毕");
    }

测试类

    @Async
    @GetMapping("sendAttachmentsMail")
    public String sendAttachmentsMail() 
    {
        Mail mail = new Mail();
        mail.setFrom("xx@qq.com);
        mail.setTo("yyy@qq.com");
        mail.setSubject("测试附件邮件");
        mail.setBody("测试附件邮件,有附件请下载");
        mail.setFilePath("E:\\cfg\\test.png");
        mail.setFileName("test.png");
        mailService.sendAttachmentsMail(mail);
        return "发送成功";
    }

注意:设置附件的路径和附件的名称。

发送模板邮件

有些特殊需要,我们需要采用固定的邮件模板发送邮件。

邮件的模板可以采用thymeleaf和freemark来实现,本文将采用thymeleaf来实现邮件模板发送。

添加依赖

<!-- thymeleaf 模板 -->
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
	</dependency>
	
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>ognl</groupId>
	    <artifactId>ognl</artifactId>
	    <version>3.2.14</version>
	</dependency>

模板内容

模板路径:src/main/resources/templates/emailTemplate.html

模板内容:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
      xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
    <title>mail</title>
</head>
<body>

<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600px" style="margin-bottom:20px">
    <tr>
        <td>
            <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600"
                   style="border-collapse: collapse;">

                <tr>
                    <td bgcolor="#ffffff">
                        <h3>邮件模板</h3>

                        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
                            <tr>
                                <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0 0 3px 0">
                                         公司名称:<span th:text="${emailParam.companyName}"></span>
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                <td style="padding: 12px 0 3px 0">
                                    地址:<span th:text="${emailParam.address}"></span>
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                <td style="padding: 12px 0 3px">
                                    联系人:<span th:text="${emailParam.phone}"></span>
                                </td>
                            </tr>

                        </table>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </td>
    </tr>

</table>
</body>
</html>

业务实现类

 public void sendTemplateMail(Mail mail)
    {
        Context context = new Context();
        Map<String, Object> emailParam = new HashMap<>();
        emailParam.put("companyName", "公司名称");
        emailParam.put("address", "公司地址");
        emailParam.put("phone", "联系电话");
        context.setVariable("emailParam", emailParam);
        //模板合成html内容
        String emailTemplate = templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);
        mail.setBody(emailTemplate);
        sendHtmlMail(mail);
    }

测试示例

    @Async
    @GetMapping("sendTemplateEmail")
    public String sendTemplateEmail() 
    {
        Mail mail = new Mail();
        mail.setFrom("xx@qq.com);
        mail.setTo("yyy@qq.com");
        mail.setSubject("测试模板邮件");
        mailService.sendTemplateMail(mail);
        return "发送成功";
    }

总结

本文讲解的是Spring Boot集成JavaMailSender发送邮件,邮件内容格式有种,需要结合业务的来选择对应的实现方式。

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