Python字典合并

时间:2022-05-28 天天开心学编程人气:0

1、用for循环把一个字典合并到另一个字典

把a字典合并到b字典中，相当于用for循环遍历a字典，然后取出a字典的键值对，放进b字典，这种方法python中进行了简化，封装成b.update(a)实现

>>> a = {'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> b = {'name': 'r1'}
>>> for k, v in a.items():
...     b[k] =  v
... 
>>> a
{'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> b
{'name': 'r1', 'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}

2、用dict(b, **a)方法构造一个新字典

使用**a的方法，可以快速的打开字典a的数据，可以使用这个方法来构造一个新的字典

>>> a = {'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> b = {'name': 'r1'}
>>> c = dict(b, **a)
>>> c
{'name': 'r1', 'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> a
{'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> b
{'name': 'r1'}

3、用b.update(a)的方法，更新字典

>>> a = {'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> b = {'name': 'r1'}
>>> b.update(a)
>>> a
{'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> b
{'name': 'r1', 'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}

4、把字典转换成列表合并后，再转换成字典

利用a.items()的方法把字典拆分成键值对元组，然后强制转换成列表，合并list(a.items())和list(b.items())，并使用dict把合并后的列表转换成一个新字典

（1）利用a.items()、b.items()把a、b两个字典转换成元组键值对列表

>>> a = {'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco'}
>>> b = {'name': 'r1'}
>>> a.items()
dict_items([('device_type', 'cisco_ios'), ('username', 'admin'), ('password', 'cisco')])
>>> b.items()
dict_items([('name', 'r1')])
>>> list(a.items())
[('device_type', 'cisco_ios'), ('username', 'admin'), ('password', 'cisco')]
>>> list(b.items())
[('name', 'r1')]

（2）合并列表并且把合并后的列表转换成字典

>>> dict(list(a.items()) + list(b.items()))
{'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'cisco', 'name': 'r1'}

5、实例，netmiko使用json格式的数据进行自动化操作

（1）json格式的处理

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
import json

def creat_net_device_info(net_name, device, hostname, user, passwd):
   dict_device_info = {
                       'device_type': device,
                       'ip': hostname, 
                       'username': user, 
                       'password': passwd
                      }
   dict_connection = {'connect': dict_device_info}
   dict_net_name = {'name': net_name}
   data = dict(dict_net_name, **dict_connection)
   data = json.dumps(data)
   return print(f'生成的json列表如下:\n{data}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
   net_name = input('输入网络设备名称R1或者SW1的形式：')
   device = input('输入设备类型cisco_ios/huawei: ')
   hostname = input('输入管理IP地址： ')
   user = input('输入设备登录用户名： ')
   passwd = input('输入设备密码： ')
   json_founc = creat_net_device_info
   json_founc(net_name, device, hostname, user, passwd)

（2）json格式的设备信息列表

[
  {
       "name": "R1", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.10",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }
  },
  {
       "name": "R2", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.20",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }
  },
  {
       "name": "R3", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.30",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }        
  },
  {
       "name": "R4", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.40",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }    
  },
  {
       "name": "R5", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.50",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }
  }
]

（3）netmiko读取json类型信息示例

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_

import os
import sys
import json
from datetime import datetime
from netmiko import ConnectHandler
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor as Pool

def write_config_file(filename, config_list):
   with open(filename, 'w+') as f:
       for config in config_list:
           f.write(config)

def auto_config(net_dev_info, config_file):
   ssh_client = ConnectHandler(**net_dev_info['connect']) #把json格式的字典传入
   hostname = net_dev_info['name']
   hostips = net_dev_info['connect']
   hostip = hostips['ip']
   print('login ' + hostname + ' success !')
   output = ssh_client.send_config_from_file(config_file)
   file_name = f'{hostname} + {hostip}.txt'
   print(output)
   write_config_file(file_name, output)
   
def main(net_info_file_path, net_eveng_config_path):
   this_time = datetime.now()
   this_time = this_time.strftime('%F %H-%M-%S')
   foldername = this_time
   old_folder_name = os.path.exists(foldername)
   if old_folder_name == True:
       print('文件夹名字冲突，程序终止\n')
       sys.exit()
   else:
       os.mkdir(foldername)
       print(f'正在创建目录 {foldername}')
       os.chdir(foldername)
       print(f'进入目录 {foldername}')

   net_configs = []

   with open(net_info_file_path, 'r') as f:
       devices = json.load(f) #载入一个json格式的列表，json.load必须传入一个别表

   with open(net_eveng_config_path, 'r') as config_path_list:
       for config_path in config_path_list:
           config_path = config_path.strip()
           net_configs.append(config_path)

   with Pool(max_workers=6) as t:
       for device, net_config in zip(devices, net_configs):
           task = t.submit(auto_config, device, net_config)
       print(task.result())    


if __name__ == '__main__':
   #net_info_file_path = '~/net_dev_info.json'
   #net_eveng_config_path = '~/eve_config_path.txt'
   net_info_file_path = input('请输入设备json_inventory文件路径： ')
   net_eveng_config_path = input('请输入记录设备config路径的配置文件路径： ')
   main(net_info_file_path, net_eveng_config_path)

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