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Python RSA加密解密

浅若清风cyf 人气:0

前言

RSA加密实验基本流程:

一、选取两个大素数p、q,并计算得到n、phi_n

二、选取常用的e = 0x10001,方便将幂运算优化为左移,加快运算速度

三、计算d,使用了扩展欧几里得算法

四、输入明文a,将明文转化为可以用于计算的数字形式

五、对a使用快速幂取模,得到密文b,以16进制显示

RSA解密流程:

六、对b使用快速幂取模,得到明文a,以字符形式显示

一、安装模块

pip install pycryptodome 

二、生成密钥对

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    '''
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    '''
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key

def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b

def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b

三、加密

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
	# 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
	text = text.encode('utf-8')
	# 构建公钥对象
	cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
	# 加密(bytes)
	text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text) 
	# base64编码,并转为字符串
	text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()
	return text_encrypted_base64 
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
	public_key = read_public_key()
	text = '123456'
	text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
	print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)

四、解密

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
	# 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
	text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
	# base64解码
	text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )
	# 构建私钥对象
	cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
	# 解密(bytes)
	text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)
	# 解码为字符串
	text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
	return text_decrypted 
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
	# 生成密文
	public_key = read_public_key()
	text = '123456'
	text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
	print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)
	
	# 解密
	private_key = read_private_key()
	text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
	print('明文:',text_decrypted)

五、完整代码

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------
def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    '''
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    '''
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key

def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b

def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b
# ------------------------加密------------------------
def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text = text.encode('utf-8')
    # 构建公钥对象
    cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
    # 加密(bytes)
    text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)
    # base64编码,并转为字符串
    text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode()
    return text_encrypted_base64

# ------------------------解密------------------------
def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
    # base64解码
    text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64)
    # 构建私钥对象
    cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
    # 解密(bytes)
    text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read)
    # 解码为字符串
    text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
    return text_decrypted

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 生成密钥对
    # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True)
    # public_key = read_public_key()
    # private_key = read_private_key()
    public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False)

    # 加密
    text = '123456'
    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
    print('密文:', text_encrypted_base64)

    # 解密
    text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
    print('明文:', text_decrypted)

总结

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