python字符串
MyDreamingCode 人气:0一、截取子串-切片
方法:字符串名[初始位置:结束位置:步长]
str1 = 'abcdefg' print(str1[:]) # abcdefg print(str1[0:2]) # ab 左闭右开 print(str1[0:2:1]) # ab 默认步长为1 print(str1[:3]) # abc print(str1[0:]) # abcdefg print(str1[::-1]) # gfedcba print(str1[-4:-1]) #def -1代表最右端 # print(str1[-4:-1:-1]) # 尽量避免这样写
二、查找子串及数量
方法:
- 1.
字符串名.index(子串,起始位置,末位置)
---对应 rindex 从右往左数 - 2.
字符串名.find(子串,起始位置,末位置)
--对应rfind从右往左数 - 3.
字符串名.count(子串,其实位置,末位置)
str1 = 'my name is fl and my pet is a parrot' print(str1.find('is')) # 8 print(str1.find('is', 9, 30)) # 25 print(str1.find('dog')) # -1 --find如果没有查找到对应的子串则返回-1 print(str1.index('is')) # 8 print(str1.index('is', 9, 30)) # 25 # print(str1.index('dog')) # -1 --index如果没有查找到对应的子串则报错 print(str1.rindex('is')) # 25 print(str1.rfind('is')) # 25 print(str1.count('is')) # 2 print(str1.count('dog')) # 0 print(str1.count('is', 0, 15)) # 1
三、字符串的替换、分割以及合并
1. 字符串的替换:字符串名.replace(原串,替换成的串, 替换次数)
str1 = 'Food and Fruit and Animal' new_str = str1.replace('and', 'he') # Food he Fruit he Animal new_str = str1.replace('and', 'he', 1) # Food he Fruit and Animal
2. 字符串的分割:字符串名.split(分割的串, 分割次数)
str1 = 'Food and Fruit and Animal' new_str = str1.split('and') # ['Food ', ' Fruit ', ' Animal'] new_str = str1.split('and', 1) # ['Food ', ' Fruit and Animal']
3. 字符串的合并:合并符号.join(列表名)
mylist = ['I', 'Love', 'You'] new_str = ' '.join(mylist) # I Love You new_str = '..'.join(mylist) # I..Love..You
四、字母的大小写
- 1. 仅首字母大写:字符串名.capitalize()
- 2. 每个单词的首字母都变成大写:字符串名.title()
- 3. 将每个小写字母都变成大写字母:字符串名.upper()
- 4. 将每个大写字母都变成小写字母:字符串名.lower()
str1 = 'oh , my dear , I love you' new_str = str1.capitalize() # Oh , my dear , i love you new_str = str1.title() # Oh , My Dear , I Love You new_str = str1.upper() # OH , MY DEAR , I LOVE YOU new_str = str1.lower() # oh , my dear , i love you
五、删除侧边的空白
- 1. 删除左侧空白:字符串名.lstrip()
- 2. 删除右侧空白:字符串名.rstrip()
- 3. 删除两侧空白:字符串名.strip()
str1 = " come on baby , it's true " new_str = str1.lstrip() # come on baby , it's true new_str = str1.rstrip() # come on baby , it's true new_str = str1.strip() # come on baby , it's true
六、对齐方式
方法:字符串名.ljust
(整体字符长度, 用于填补的符号)
str1 = 'abcd' new_str = str1.ljust(10, '.') # abcd...... new_str = str1.ljust(10) # abcd(后面有六个空格) new_str = str1.rjust(10, '/') # //abcd new_str = str1.center(10, '.') # ...abcd...
七、判断首位字符是否正确(返回布尔值)
- 1. 字符串名.
startswith
(子串, 起始位置, 末位置) - 2. 字符串名.
endswith
(子串, 起始位置, 末位置)
str1 = 'hello world' print(str1.startswith('he')) # True print(str1.startswith('ho')) # False print(str1.endswith('ho')) # False print(str1.endswith('world')) # True
八、判断字母、数以及空格
- 1. 判断是否所有都为字母:字符串名.isalpha()
- 2. 判断是否所有都为数字:字符串名.isdigit()
- 3. 判断是否所有都为字母或数字或其组合:字符串名.isalnum()
- 4. 判断是否所有都为空格:字符串名.isspace()
str1 = 'hello world' print(str1.isalpha()) # False str1 = 'abc' print(str1.isalpha()) # True str2 = '123 45' print(str2.isdigit()) # False str2 = '123' print(str2.isdigit()) # True str3 = 'abc123' print(str3.isalnum()) # True str3 = 'abc 123' print(str3.isalnum()) # False str4 = '123 ' print(str4.isspace()) # False str4 = ' ' print(str4.isspace()) # True
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