opencv鼠标画点cv2.drawMarker() python opencv鼠标画点之cv2.drawMarker()函数
拜阳 人气:0前言
这里所谓画点的意思是指在单一像素点上画一个标记符,而不是画小圆点。使用的函数是cv2.drawMarker(img, position, color, ...)
关于鼠标回调函数的说明可以参考:opencv-python的鼠标交互操作
cv2.drawMarker()函数说明
参数说明
导入cv2后,通过help(cv2.drawMarker)可以看到函数的帮助文档如下:
drawMarker(...) drawMarker(img, position, color[, markerType[, markerSize[, thickness[, line_type]]]]) -> img . @brief Draws a marker on a predefined position in an image. . . The function cv::drawMarker draws a marker on a given position in the image. For the moment several . marker types are supported, see #MarkerTypes for more information. . . @param img Image. . @param position The point where the crosshair is positioned. . @param color Line color. . @param markerType The specific type of marker you want to use, see #MarkerTypes . @param thickness Line thickness. . @param line_type Type of the line, See #LineTypes . @param markerSize The length of the marker axis [default = 20 pixels]
其中三个必选参数:img, position, color,其他参数是可选。三个必选参数说明如下:
- img:底图,uint8类型的ndarray,
- position:坐标,是一个包含两个数字的tuple(必需是tuple),表示(x, y)
- color:颜色,是一个包含三个数字的tuple或list,表示(b, g, r)
其他参数说明如下:
- markerType:点的类型。取值0-6,有相应的宏定义与之对应,具体的可参考下面的一个表。
- markerSize:点的大小。大于0的整数,必需是整数。实际输入<=0的数字也可,但是估计程序里有判断,<=0等同于1。默认值是20。
- thickness:点的线宽。必需是大于0的整数,必需是整数,不能小于0,默认值是1。
- line_type:线的类型。可以取的值有cv2.LINE_4,cv2.LINE_8,cv2.LINE_AA。其中cv2.LINE_AA的AA表示抗锯齿,线会更平滑。
markerType取值说明
数值 | 宏定义 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
0 | cv2.MARKER_CROSS | 十字线(横竖两根线) |
1 | cv2.MARKER_TILTED_CROSS | 交叉线(斜着两根线) |
2 | cv2.MARKER_STAR | 米字线(横竖加斜着共四根线) |
3 | cv2.MARKER_DIAMOND | 旋转45度的正方形 |
4 | cv2.MARKER_SQUARE | 正方形 |
5 | cv2.MARKER_TRIANGLE_UP | 尖角向上的三角形 |
6 | cv2.MARKER_TRIANGLE_DOWN | 尖角向下的三角形 |
markerType示例
下面是一个简单的画点程序
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import cv2 import numpy as np if __name__ == '__main__': image = np.zeros((256, 256, 3), np.uint8) color = (0, 255, 0) cv2.drawMarker(image, (50, 50), color, markerType=0) cv2.drawMarker(image, (100, 50), color, markerType=1) cv2.drawMarker(image, (150, 50), color, markerType=2) cv2.drawMarker(image, (200, 50), color, markerType=3) cv2.drawMarker(image, (50, 100), color, markerType=4) cv2.drawMarker(image, (100, 100), color, markerType=5) cv2.drawMarker(image, (150, 100), color, markerType=6) cv2.namedWindow('marker_type', 1) cv2.imshow('marker_type', image) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()
请特别注意,opencv在调用这些画图函数后,image的内容会被这些画图函数改变,也就是说,函数调用之后,我们就拿不回原始的image了,除非另外保存一份原始image的副本。在写一些交互画图函数时,这个特性需要格外注意。
程序执行结果如下。
利用鼠标回调函数交互式画点
例1,简单的例子
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import cv2 import numpy as np WIN_NAME = 'pick_points' def onmouse_pick_points(event, x, y, flags, param): if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN: print('x = %d, y = %d' % (x, y)) cv2.drawMarker(param, (x, y), (0, 255, 0)) if __name__ == '__main__': image = np.zeros((256, 256, 3), np.uint8) cv2.namedWindow(WIN_NAME, 0) cv2.setMouseCallback(WIN_NAME, onmouse_pick_points, image) while True: cv2.imshow(WIN_NAME, image) key = cv2.waitKey(30) if key == 27: # ESC break cv2.destroyAllWindows()
上面程序中有几个注意点:
- setMouseCallback()中的param参数我们传递了image进去,也就是说鼠标回调函数onmouse_pick_points()中的param就是image,画点的操作在鼠标回调函数中,该参数在onmouse_pick_points中的变化可以保留到函数外,可以理解为C++的引用传递,或C语言的指针传递。
- 需要一个无限循环来刷新图像。
- 无限循环的退出条件由键盘获取,cv2.waitKey()用来获取键盘的按键,当我们点ESC后就可以退出。
这里点了三次左键,终端输出以下内容:
x = 60, y = 55 x = 206, y = 113 x = 114, y = 192
并得到这样一张图像:
例2,删除功能
如果需要删除已经画了的点的功能,那么问题就变得略有些复杂了。
我们之前讲过,opencv在画了这些点之后,图像的像素已经事实上被改变了,想要紧紧通过当前图像将其恢复原状是不行的。所以为了实现删除功能,我们需要备份一张原始图像,一张用来对外显示的图像,以及一个由点坐标组成的list。
每次做删除点的操作后,我们都使用原始图像重置对外显示的图像,然后再把list中所有的点都重新画在对外显示的图像上,就可以实现删除点的效果。如果是增加点的操作,则不用重置图像。
实现代码如下:
下面代码中,左键实现增加一个点的操作,右键依次删除后面画上的点。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import cv2 import numpy as np WIN_NAME = 'pick_points' class DrawPoints(object): def __init__(self, image, color, marker_type=cv2.MARKER_CROSS, marker_size=20, thickness=1): """ Initialization of class DrawPoints Parameters ---------- image: ndarray source image. shape is [height, width, channels] color: tuple a tuple containing uint8 integers, designating B, G, R values, separately marker_type: int marker type, between [0, 6] marker_size: int marker size, >=1 thickness: int line thickness, >=1 """ self.original_image = image self.image_for_show = image.copy() self.color = color self.marker_type = marker_type self.marker_size = marker_size self.thickness = thickness self.pts = [] def append(self, x, y): """ add a point to points list Parameters ---------- x, y: int, int coordinate of a point """ self.pts.append((x, y)) def pop(self): """ pop a point from points list """ pt = () if self.pts: pt = self.pts.pop() return pt def reset_image(self): """ reset image_for_show using original image """ self.image_for_show = self.original_image.copy() def draw(self): """ draw points on image_for_show """ for pt in self.pts: cv2.drawMarker(self.image_for_show, pt, color=self.color, markerType=self.marker_type, markerSize=self.marker_size, thickness=self.thickness) def onmouse_pick_points(event, x, y, flags, draw_pts): if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN: print('add: x = %d, y = %d' % (x, y)) draw_pts.append(x, y) draw_pts.draw() elif event == cv2.EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN: pt = draw_pts.pop() if pt: print('delete: x = %d, y = %d' % (pt[0], pt[1])) draw_pts.reset_image() draw_pts.draw() if __name__ == '__main__': image = np.zeros((256, 256, 3), np.uint8) draw_pts = DrawPoints(image, (0, 255, 0)) cv2.namedWindow(WIN_NAME, 0) cv2.setMouseCallback(WIN_NAME, onmouse_pick_points, draw_pts) while True: cv2.imshow(WIN_NAME, draw_pts.image_for_show) key = cv2.waitKey(30) if key == 27: # ESC break cv2.destroyAllWindows()
终端输出如下:
add: x = 54, y = 51
add: x = 215, y = 81
add: x = 123, y = 121
add: x = 57, y = 197
add: x = 168, y = 210
delete: x = 168, y = 210
delete: x = 57, y = 197
得到的结果如下:
总结
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