C语言实现俄罗斯方块 VC++ 6.0 C语言实现俄罗斯方块详细教程
jinxinliu1 人气:0今天把我之前写的大作业分享一下吧，并教你们如何实现，希望你们看了前面的教程也能自己写一个。
1.要先下载一个 graphics.h 的头文件来绘图。
2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);这是先创建一个窗口的函数，以左上角为(0,0)，向右为x轴，向下为y轴，其中x表示长x个单位，y表示宽y个单位。
3.关闭图像窗口：closegraph();结束时用来关闭用的。
4.按任意键继续：getch();这个就和getchar();差不多，为了防止以运行完就关了，这样能停顿一下，他的头文件是：conio.h 。
5.画线：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你创建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为两个端点画线。
6.画矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为对角画一个矩形。
7.画圆：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)为圆点，r为半径画圆。
8.颜色：setcolor(x);用来设置颜色的，其中x是你要设置的颜色，可以填这16种：黑 BLACK、蓝 BLUE、绿 GREEN、青 CYAN、红 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、浅灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮蓝 LIGHTBLUE、亮绿 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮红 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黄 YELLOW、白 WHITE；当然，你也可以根据光的三原色来调自己喜欢的颜色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分别代表红绿蓝，对应的x,y,z是你选的该颜色的多少，范围是[0,255]。
根据上面的这些就能画出很多图形了.比如：
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
initgraph(640,480);
setcolor(BROWN);
line(200,200,300,130);
line(400,200,300,130);
rectangle(200,200,400,380);
setcolor(RGB(100,150,200));
circle(255,260,20);
circle(345,260,20);
rectangle(280,300,310,360);
getch();
closegraph();
}
还有这个，画一个圆，圆心是(320,240),半径r=200，根据角度的公式画一个圆：
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
# define PI 3.1415926
void main()
{
initgraph(640, 480);
int x,y,r=200,c;
double a;
for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001)
{
x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5);
y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5);
c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI));
setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2));
line(320,240,x,y);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
9.停顿：Sleep(x);停顿x/1000秒。
有了Sleep();函数，就能让线动起来了，原理就是：先画一条线，然后再画一条黑色的线覆盖原来的那条，然后再画一条线，这样不断的画线能行了。
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,y;
initgraph(640,480);
for(y=0;y<480-2;y++)
{
setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256));
line(0,y,639,y);
line(0,y+2,639,y+2);
Sleep(10);
setcolor(BLACK);
line(0,y,639,y);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
10.随机数发生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用时要有头文件time.h。
11.随机函数:rand();随机生成一个数，头文件是：stdlib.h，比如：
# include <stdio.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <graphics.h>
void main()
{
int t=10;
while(t--)
{
srand(time(NULL));
printf("%d\n",rand());
Sleep(1000);
}
}
12.判断键盘是否有输入：kbhit();如果有的话返回1，否则返回0.
13.方向键：方健健的ASCII值我们不知道，普通的getchar();也不能输入，但是getch();通过运行程序可以发现方向比较特殊，分别是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是说他们是由两个字符组成的，所以判断上下左右时就先判断if(kbhit()),然后判断if(getch()==224),如果是的话在判断if(getch()==72),是的话就是上，下左右同理。
# include <stdio.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int key;
while(1)
{
if(kbhit())
{
key=getch();
if(key==224)
key=getch();
printf("%d",key);
}
else
printf("*");
Sleep(500);
}
}
14.输出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐标为(x,y)的地方输出字符串s。
15.数字转字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);将数字a,转化为字符串s，头文件是stdio.h。
16.设置字体：setfont(x,y,"字体");其中x表示你你要输出的字的大小，y会改变形状一般都是设为0，"字体"为你想要输出的字体，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷体");
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char s[10];
initgraph(640,480);
setfont(42,0,"隶体");
outtextxy(200,200,"俄罗斯方块");
sprintf(s,"%d",2015);
outtextxy(250,250,s);
getch();
closegraph();
}
上面这些都学会了的话，差不多就能够自己完成编写一个俄罗斯方块了，下面分享一下我写的代码。
# include <stdio.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <graphics.h>
int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0;
int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW};
int block[36][5][5]=
{
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};
void Interface();//界面的设计
void nextblock();//生成下一个方块
void newblock();//将下一个放到主方框中
void move(int x,int y,int A);//移动方块
int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判断能否移动
int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判断能否旋转
void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//标记方块固定后的位置
void full();//判断有没有能够消行的
void down(int x);//有消行的将上面的方块下移一行
int gameover();//判断游戏是否结束
int main()
{
int i,j;
Interface();
nextblock();
Sleep(500);
memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
while(1)
{
newblock();
full();
if(gameover())
break;
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void Interface()
{
int i,j;
char str[10];
initgraph(550, 660);
HWND hwnd = GetHWnd();
SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄罗斯方块 制作:丶阿明");
Sleep(2000);
setfont(40,0,"隶体");
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(145,200,"NEW");
setfont(40,0,"楷体");
for(i=0;i<=255;i++)
for(j=0;j<=255;j++)
{
setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j));
outtextxy(205,200,"俄罗斯方块!");
}
Sleep(2000);
setcolor(YELLOW);
setfont(22,0,"隶体");
outtextxy(310,300,"←_←");
setfont(22,0,"楷体");
outtextxy(180,300,"这逼装的可以");
setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);
Sleep(2500);
outtextxy(175,300,"请按任意键开始游戏!");
getch();
cleardevice();
setcolor(WHITE);
rectangle(29,29,334,633);
rectangle(28,28,335,634);
rectangle(370,50,515,195);
setfont(24,0, "楷体");
setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);
outtextxy(405,215,"下一个:");
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(405,280,"分数:");
sprintf(str,"%d",score);
outtextxy(415,310,str);
outtextxy(405,375,"等级:");
sprintf(str,"%d",rank);
outtextxy(425,405,str);
setfont(22,0, "楷体");
setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);
outtextxy(390,475,"操作说明:");
outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋转");
outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降");
outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移");
outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移");
outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暂停");
}
void nextblock()
{
int i,j,x=391,y=71;
setfont(23,0,"楷体");
setcolor(BLACK);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
srand(time(NULL));
a=rand()%9;
setcolor(color[a]);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*a][i][j]==1)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
}
void newblock()
{
int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a;
if(A==0||A==1||A==6)
y-=60;
else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8)
y-=40;
else
y-=80;
setfont(23,0,"楷体");
setcolor(color[A]);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
Sleep(100);
nextblock();
move(x,y,A);
}
void move(int x,int y,int A)
{
int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex;
while(1)
{
f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next);
if(f==0)
{
mark(x,y+k,A,next);
break;
}
if(kbhit())
{
key=getch();
if(key==32)
getch();
}
setcolor(BLACK);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■");
if(kbhit())
{
key=getch();
if(key==72)
{
nex=(next+1)%4;
if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex))
next=nex;
}
else if(key==80)
Speed=50;
else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next))
x-=20;
else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next))
x+=20;
}
setcolor(color[A]);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■");
Sleep(Speed);
k+=20;
}
}
int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next)
{
int i,j,x,y,f=1;
x=(y0-minY)/20;
y=(x0-minX)/20;
if(dir=='x')
{
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1)))
f=0;
}
else if(dir=='z')
{
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1)))
f=0;
}
else if(dir=='y')
{
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1)))
f=0;
}
return f;
}
int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)
{
int i,j,x,y,f=1;
x=(y0-minY)/20;
y=(x0-minX)/20;
if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next))
f=0;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1)))
f=0;
return f;
}
void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)
{
int i,j,x,y;
x=(y0-minY)/20;
y=(x0-minX)/20;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1)
{
visit[x+i][y+j]=1;
Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A];
}
}
void full()
{
int i,j,k=0;
char str[10];
for(i=29;i>=0;i--)
{
for(j=0;j<15;j++)
if(visit[i][j]==0)
break;
if(j==15)
{
k++;
down(i);
i++;
}
}
setcolor(RED);
score+=10*k;
sprintf(str,"%d",score);
outtextxy(415,310,str);
rank=(score/50);
sprintf(str,"%d",rank);
outtextxy(425,405,str);
speed=500-100*rank;
if(speed==0)
speed=100;
if(score>=300)
speed=75;
}
void down(int x)
{
int i,j;
for(i=x;i>0;i--)
for(j=0;j<15;j++)
if(visit[i-1][j]==1)
{
visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];
Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j];
setcolor(Color[i-1][j]);
outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");
}
else
{
visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];
setcolor(BLACK);
outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");
}
setcolor(BLACK);
for(j=0;j<15;j++)
{
visit[0][j]=0;
outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■");
}
}
int gameover()
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<15;i++)
if(visit[0][i]==1)
{
for(i=0;i<=7;i++)
{
setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255));
for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■");
for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■");
for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■");
for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■");
}
setcolor(WHITE);
setfont(45,0,"隶体");
outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!");
Sleep(5000);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
我设置的一行能放15个小格子，一共能放30行，二维数组visit[30][15],来判断某个位置是否有方块，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6个方块的位置有方块了，0表示没方块,Color[30][15]用来记录某个位置的方块的颜色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方块也就是第1行第1列的方块对应在界面的坐标，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方块的下落速度，一开始初始化为500，没0.5s往下落一行，score记录分数，每消一行加10分，rank表示等级，每50分等级+1，且速度减100，当速度减到100时，就不变了，只有当分数超过300速度才会减为75，且以后都不会再减少了。
我一个设计了9种方块，每种方块都有4种形态，每顺时针旋转90°就有一种形态，所以一共是36个方块。每个方块都用5*5的二维数组来表示，36种就是36个二维数组，所以用block[36][5][5]来表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每种方块的初始形态，k+1，+2，+3,分别表示第k种方块选择90°、180°、270°之后的形态。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1种方块旋转90°的方块，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示这个方块第i+1行，j+1列有一个小方块，=0代表没有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25个数列，表示一种方块。一维数组color[]依次表示9种方块的颜色。
附上效果图：
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