jQuery Ajax前后端使用JSON进行交互示例

时间:2020-05-15 Jaer_zk 人气:0

需求：

前端通过jQuery Ajax传输json到后端，后端接收json，对json进行处理，后端返回一个json给前端

这里使用servlet的方式

1、采用$.post方法

index.jsp页面

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title></title> 
<script src="js/jquery-1.12.2.js"></script> 
<script language="JavaScript"> 
  function checkUserid() { 
    $.post('Ajax/CheckServlet',//url 
    { 
      userid : $("#userid").val(), 
      sex : "男" 
    }, function(data) { 
      var obj = eval('(' + data + ')'); 
      alert(obj.success); 
    }); 
  } 
</script> 
</head> 
<body> 
  用户ID: 
  <input type="text" id="userid" name="userid"> <span id="msg"></span> 
  <br> <button onclick="checkUserid()">传输</button> 
</body> 
</html>

CheckServlet.Java代码如下

package com.ajax; 
 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.PrintWriter; 
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 
 
public class CheckServlet extends HttpServlet { 
 
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
      throws ServletException, IOException { 
    this.doPost(request, response); 
  } 
 
  public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
      throws ServletException, IOException { 
    /*设置字符集为'UTF-8'*/ 
    request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); 
    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); 
    String userid = request.getParameter("userid"); // 接收userid 
    String sex = request.getParameter("sex");//接收性别 
    System.out.println(userid); 
    System.out.println(sex); 
 
    //写返回的JSON 
    PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); 
    String json = "{'success':'成功','false':'失败'}"; 
    pw.print(json); 
    pw.flush(); 
    pw.close(); 
 
  } 
}

由于这里采用的是servlet的方式，所以要配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" 
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" 
  id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"> 
  <display-name>Ajax<https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/display-name> 
 
  <servlet> 
    <servlet-name>CheckServlet</servlet-name> 
    <servlet-class>com.ajax.CheckServlet</servlet-class> 
  </servlet> 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>CheckServlet</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/Ajax/CheckServlet</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
</web-app>

在页面输入一个ID，可以在后台接收到并且打印出来，后台通过PrintWriter进行回写JSON返回前端，前端通过eval将JSON变换为Object对象，通过obj.name获取JSON值

2、采用$.get方法，只需要将jsp页面里面的post改为get即可

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title></title> 
<script src="js/jquery-1.12.2.js"></script> 
<script language="JavaScript"> 
  function checkUserid() { 
    $.get( 
      'Ajax/CheckServlet',//url 
      { 
        userid:$("#userid").val(), 
        sex:"男" 
      }, 
      function(data){ 
        var obj = eval('('+data+')'); 
        alert(obj.success); 
      } 
    ); 
  } 
</script> 
</head> 
<body> 
 
  用户ID: 
  <input type="text" id="userid" name="userid"> <span id="msg"></span> 
    <br> 
      <button onclick="checkUserid()">传输</button> 
</body> 
</html>

结果与$.post一样

3、通过$.ajax方法

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title></title> 
<script src="js/jquery-1.12.2.js"></script> 
<script language="JavaScript"> 
  function checkUserid() { 
    $.ajax({ 
      type : 'post', 
      data : { 
        userid : $("#userid").val(), 
        sex : "男" 
      }, 
      url : "Ajax/CheckServlet", 
      success : function(data) { 
        var obj = eval('(' + data + ')'); 
      alert(obj.success); 
      }, 
      error : function() { 
      }, 
      complete : function() { 
      } 
    }); 
  } 
</script> 
</head> 
<body> 
 
  用户ID: 
  <input type="text" id="userid" name="userid"> <span id="msg"></span> 
    <br> 
      <button onclick="checkUserid()">传输</button> 
</body> 
</html>

$.ajax方法也是可以分为post和get方法的，通过修改type来修改发送的方式

结果与方法1是相同的

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