Bootstrap整体框架之CSS12栅格系统
github_34514750 人气:01.整体架构
BootStrap框架公共六个部分：(css组件和js插件是其表现形式，其余的是基础支撑平台)
表现形式
CSS组件
JS插件
基础支撑平台
CSS12栅格系统
基础布局组件
jQuery
响应式设计
1.1 CSS12栅格系统
12栅格系统是BootStrap的核心功能，也是响应式设计核心理念的一个实现方式。
1.1.1 实现原理
栅格布局原理：定义容器大小，平分12分，在调整内外边距，最后结合媒体查询，制作出强大响应式的栅格系统。
1.最外层的边框，伴随着响应式思想，区分了四种类型浏览器，像素分界点768px、992px、1200px
2.第二层的边框，即.container样式容器，针对四种浏览器宽度不一样，值是自动、750px、970px、1170px
//源码
.container {
padding-right: 15px;
padding-left: 15px;
margin-right: auto;
margin-left: auto;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.container {
width: 750px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
.container {
width: 970px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.container {
width: 1170px;
}
}
3.1号横条，左内边距和右内边距是15px，是12个col-lg-1，没有row，则会
//源码
.col-xs-1, .col-sm-1, .col-md-1, .col-lg-1, .col-xs-2, .col-sm-2, .col-md-2, .col-lg-2, .col-xs-3, .col-sm-3, .col-md-3, .col-lg-3, .col-xs-4, .col-sm-4, .col-md-4, .col-lg-4, .col-xs-5, .col-sm-5, .col-md-5, .col-lg-5, .col-xs-6, .col-sm-6, .col-md-6, .col-lg-6, .col-xs-7, .col-sm-7, .col-md-7, .col-lg-7, .col-xs-8, .col-sm-8, .col-md-8, .col-lg-8, .col-xs-9, .col-sm-9, .col-md-9, .col-lg-9, .col-xs-10, .col-sm-10, .col-md-10, .col-lg-10, .col-xs-11, .col-sm-11, .col-md-11, .col-lg-11, .col-xs-12, .col-sm-12, .col-md-12, .col-lg-12 {
position: relative;
min-height: 1px;
padding-right: 15px;
padding-left: 15px;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- Bootstrap从3.0版本开始全面支持移动平台，贯彻移动先行宗旨 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="border:1px solid black">
<div class="col-lg-1" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-1</div>
</div>
<!-- bootstrap是基于jQuery-->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
4.2号横条，也就是row容器的定义,margin-left和margin-right都是-15px，组合row和列后，形成3号横条的效果，也就是左右宽度用满的效果。
//源码
.row {
margin-right: -15px;
margin-left: -15px;
}
有row，则会没边距
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- Bootstrap从3.0版本开始全面支持移动平台，贯彻移动先行宗旨 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="border:1px solid black">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-1" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1">col-lg-1</div>
<div class="col-lg-1" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-1</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- bootstrap是基于jQuery-->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
1.1.2 基本用法
1.列组合
<div class="container" style="border:1px solid black">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-8</div>
<div class="col-lg-4" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-6</div>
<div class="col-lg-6" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-6</div>
</div>
</div>
实现很简单，就是涉及了两个CSS特性：左浮动和宽度百分比
//源码
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.col-lg-1, .col-lg-2, .col-lg-3, .col-lg-4, .col-lg-5, .col-lg-6, .col-lg-7, .col-lg-8, .col-lg-9, .col-lg-10, .col-lg-11, .col-lg-12 {
float: left;
}
.col-lg-12 {
width: 100%;
}
.col-lg-11 {
width: 91.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-10 {
width: 83.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-9 {
width: 75%;
}
.col-lg-8 {
width: 66.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-7 {
width: 58.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-6 {
width: 50%;
}
.col-lg-5 {
width: 41.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-4 {
width: 33.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-3 {
width: 25%;
}
.col-lg-2 {
width: 16.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-1 {
width: 8.33333333%;
}
}
2.列偏移
我们不想让相邻的列挨在一起，则利用栅格系统的列偏移.col-xs(sm,md,lg)-offset-* 功能来实现，不必再定义margin
<div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2</div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-2" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-2</div> </div>
//源码
.col-lg-offset-12 {
margin-left: 100%;
}
.col-lg-offset-11 {
margin-left: 91.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-offset-10 {
margin-left: 83.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-offset-9 {
margin-left: 75%;
}
.col-lg-offset-8 {
margin-left: 66.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-offset-7 {
margin-left: 58.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-offset-6 {
margin-left: 50%;
}
.col-lg-offset-5 {
margin-left: 41.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-offset-4 {
margin-left: 33.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-offset-3 {
margin-left: 25%;
}
.col-lg-offset-2 {
margin-left: 16.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-offset-1 {
margin-left: 8.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-offset-0 {
margin-left: 0;
}
3.列嵌套
栅格系统也支持列嵌套，也就是一个列中可以在声明一个或者多个行.内部嵌套的row宽度是100%，就是当前外部列的宽度
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8" style="border:1px solid black">col-lg-8</div>
<div class="col-lg-4" style="border:1px solid black">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6">col-lg-6</div>
<div class="col-lg-6">col-lg-6</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
4.列排序
列排序就是改变列的方向，也就是改变左右浮动，并且设置浮动的距离。可以通过.col-xs(sm,md,lg)-pull(push)-*
所有列设置的都是左浮动，通过设置left和right来实现定位显示。push则设置left，pull则设置right
其实只是利用了float，left，right三个属性就实现了这种效果
//源码
.col-lg-pull-12 {
right: 100%;
}
.col-lg-pull-11 {
right: 91.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-pull-10 {
right: 83.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-pull-9 {
right: 75%;
}
.col-lg-pull-8 {
right: 66.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-pull-7 {
right: 58.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-pull-6 {
right: 50%;
}
.col-lg-pull-5 {
right: 41.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-pull-4 {
right: 33.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-pull-3 {
right: 25%;
}
.col-lg-pull-2 {
right: 16.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-pull-1 {
right: 8.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-pull-0 {
right: auto;
}
.col-lg-push-12 {
left: 100%;
}
.col-lg-push-11 {
left: 91.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-push-10 {
left: 83.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-push-9 {
left: 75%;
}
.col-lg-push-8 {
left: 66.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-push-7 {
left: 58.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-push-6 {
left: 50%;
}
.col-lg-push-5 {
left: 41.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-push-4 {
left: 33.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-push-3 {
left: 25%;
}
.col-lg-push-2 {
left: 16.66666667%;
}
.col-lg-push-1 {
left: 8.33333333%;
}
.col-lg-push-0 {
left: auto;
}
1.1.3 响应式栅格
已知col-xs-* col-sm-* col-md-* col-lg-*
1.跨设备组合定义
一种样式（比如col-md-9）在其定义的尺寸范围以外是不起作用的，比如，在小型或者大型屏幕上，所有带有md的样式都不会生效。我们可以在一个元素上应用不同的样式，以适配不同尺寸的屏幕。
<div class="container" style="border:1px solid black">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div1 col-xs-6 col-sm-3 qwerwrgwefhsdgfsdfg</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div2 col-xs-6 col-sm-3</div>
<div class="clearfix visible-xs"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div3 col-xs-6 col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div4 col-xs-6 col-sm-3</div>
</div>
</div>
如图，由于div3换行时，但div1过高，则div3就右边紧挨着显示了。
所以需要利用clearfix样式清除浮动，但前提是在超小型屏幕上才显示(用visible-xs控制)
<div class="container" style="border:1px solid black">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div1 col-xs-6 col-sm-3 qwerwrgwefhsdgfsdfg</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div2 col-xs-6 col-sm-3</div>
<div class="clearfix visible-xs"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div3 col-xs-6 col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style="border:1px solid black"> div4 col-xs-6 col-sm-3</div>
</div>
</div>
//源代码
.clearfix:before,
.clearfix:after,
.dl-horizontal dd:before,
.dl-horizontal dd:after,
.container:before,
.container:after,
.container-fluid:before,
.container-fluid:after,
.row:before,
.row:after,
.form-horizontal .form-group:before,
.form-horizontal .form-group:after,
.btn-toolbar:before,
.btn-toolbar:after,
.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:before,
.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:after,
.nav:before,
.nav:after,
.navbar:before,
.navbar:after,
.navbar-header:before,
.navbar-header:after,
.navbar-collapse:before,
.navbar-collapse:after,
.pager:before,
.pager:after,
.panel-body:before,
.panel-body:after,
.modal-header:before,
.modal-header:after,
.modal-footer:before,
.modal-footer:after {
display: table;
content: " ";
}
.clearfix:after,
.dl-horizontal dd:after,
.container:after,
.container-fluid:after,
.row:after,
.form-horizontal .form-group:after,
.btn-toolbar:after,
.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:after,
.nav:after,
.navbar:after,
.navbar-header:after,
.navbar-collapse:after,
.pager:after,
.panel-body:after,
.modal-header:after,
.modal-footer:after {
clear: both;
}
//源代码
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.visible-xs {
display: block !important;
}
table.visible-xs {
display: table !important;
}
tr.visible-xs {
display: table-row !important;
}
th.visible-xs,
td.visible-xs {
display: table-cell !important;
}
}
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