Socket编程简单示例(聊天服务器)

时间:2023-03-20 念念清晰人气:0

传统Socket基于BIO实现一个简单的聊天服务器

服务端代码如下

public class MyServerSocket {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
    // 绑定5000端口
    serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5000));
    System.out.println("服务端启动成功...");
    while (true) {
      // 如果获取不到socket就会一致阻塞在此
      Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
      InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
      byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
      int len = is.read(buf);
      System.out.println("客户端说：" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
      OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
      os.write("你好客户端，我收到你的消息了".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    }
  }
}

客户端代码如下

public class ClientSocket {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    Socket socket = new Socket();
    socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",5000));
    OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
    os.write("hello服务端~".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
    byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
    int len = is.read(buf);
    System.out.println("服务器说：" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
  }
}

先启动服务器端，再启动客户端。即可

传统BIO是阻塞的，举个烧水的例子来理解

Socket编写一个简单的Http服务器

http服务器的代码

public class HttpServer {
  private static String response = """
      HTTP/1.1 200 OK
      content-type: text/html
            
      <h1>hello,client</h1>
      """;

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
    serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5001));
    System.out.println("HTTP服务器启动成功");
    while (true) {
      Socket client = serverSocket.accept();
      // 获取客户端发送过来的数据
      InputStream is = client.getInputStream();
      byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
      int len = is.read(buf);
      System.out.println("客户端发送过来的数据：" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
      // 给客户端响应HTTP协议的数据
      OutputStream os = client.getOutputStream();
      os.write(response.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
      // 注意：要关闭客户端资源
      client.close();
    }
  }
}

只要响应数据满足HTTP协议，就可以通过浏览器访问到页面，下面我们使用浏览器访问下

基于NIO的非阻塞简单服务器实现

传统BIO会阻塞，使用NIO通道编程可以设置服务器为非阻塞，当未获取到连接时，可以处理其他的逻辑。相当于线程模型换了。下面是服务端代码，客户端代码不变，采用BIO的即可

public class NioServerSocket {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
    serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5002));
    serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 设置非阻塞
    while (true) {
      SocketChannel clientChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
      if (clientChannel == null) {
        System.out.println("客户端无连接，休息一下");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        continue;
      }
      Socket socket = clientChannel.socket();
      InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
      byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
      int len = is.read(buf);
      System.out.println("客户端发送过来的数据：" + new String(buf, 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
      socket.close();
      clientChannel.close();
    }
  }
}

第二种实现方式如下

public class NioServerSocket2 {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
    serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5002));
    serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 设置非阻塞
    while (true) {
      SocketChannel clientChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
      if (clientChannel == null) {
        System.out.println("客户端无连接，休息一下");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        continue;
      }
      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
      int len = clientChannel.read(buffer);
      System.out.println("客户端说" + new String(buffer.array(), 0, len));
      clientChannel.close();
    }
  }
}

但是该实现也有一个问题：虽然客户端的连接过程不会阻塞了，但是客户端发送数据会阻塞服务端。如果客户端发送数据过大，假设要10秒，那服务端调用read方法读取数据就要等待客户端至少10秒。

基于NIO的Selector的简单服务器实现

selector的服务端如下，这是要给单线程的服务端。相比上一小节没有使用selector，它的优点就是连接事件和读事件都不会阻塞了。即使客户端发送数据很慢，服务端也不会阻塞。

缺点是单线程执行，如果一个线程抢到读就绪事件并且处理的很慢，就会影响整体性能。

public class NioSelectorServerSocket {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // 1. 获取通道
    ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
    serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 5003));
    serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
    // 2. 获取选择器
    Selector selector = Selector.open();
    // 3. 把通道注册到选择器上，只注册连接继续事件
    serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
    System.out.println("服务器启动成功...");
    while (true) {
      // 4. 不断轮询选择器中是否由连接事件
      int select = selector.select(2000);
      if (select == 0) {
        System.out.println("暂时没有客户端连接哦");
        continue;
      }
      // 5. 如果有连接继续事件，获取客户端通道
      Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
      Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
      while (iterator.hasNext()) {
        SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
        if (key.isAcceptable()) {
          SocketChannel client = serverSocketChannel.accept();
          //SocketChannel client = ((ServerSocketChannel) key.channel()).accept(); // 两种写法都一样
          client.configureBlocking(false);
          // 6. 为每个连接都注册写事件监听
          client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
          System.out.println("已注册可读事件");
        }
        if (key.isReadable()) {
          SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
          // 7. 监听到可读事件，处理可读事件
          ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
          int len = client.read(buffer);
          System.out.println("客户端说：" + (len > 0 ? new String(buffer.array(), 0, len, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) : ""));
          // 8. 关闭资源
          client.close();
        }
        iterator.remove();
      }
    }
  }
}

它的线程模型还是用烧水的例子来举例

总结

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