SpringCloud OpenFeign基本介绍与实现示例
尚少 人气:0介绍
在上面一篇介绍Nacos的文章最后,两个服务的相互调用是用的RestTemplate类完成的。但这种方式不是很推荐,更佳的方式是用OpenFeign组件去调用。OpenFeign是官方推出的服务调用和负载均衡组件,基于Ribbon和Hystrix,前身是第一代Spring Cloud的Feign,对Feign进行了扩展,支持了SpringMvc的相关注解。
常用注解
OpenFeign是使用接口+注解实现的,因此了解它的常用注解是必要的,有以下几个:
@EnableFeignClients:在启动类上添加,用于开启OpenFeign功能。当项目启动时,会扫描带有@FeignClient的接口,生成代理类并注册到Spring容器中
@FeignClient:通知OpenFeign组件对该注解下的接口进行解析,通过动态代理的方式产生实现类,完成服务调用
@RequestMapping:SpringMvc中的注解,不过此时该注解表示发起Request请求(默认Get方式)
@GetMapping:SpringMvc中的注解,不过此时该注解表示发起Get请求
@PostMapping:SpringMvc中的注解,不过此时该注解表示发起Post请求
代码实现
首先得把Nacos启动
服务提供方,
bootstrap.yml:
server:
port: 8083
servlet:
context-path: /nacosProviderspring:
application:
name: nacos-provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
引入依赖:
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery </artifactId> <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
服务方法:
@Controller @RequestMapping("/provide") public class ProviderController { @RequestMapping("/distribute") @ResponseBody public String distribute() { return "吃鸡胸肉"; } @RequestMapping("/distribute1") @ResponseBody public String distribute1(String name, Integer age) { return "姓名:" + name + ",年龄:" + age; } @PostMapping("/distribute2") @ResponseBody public String distribute2(@RequestBody Person p) { return "身高:" + p.getHeight() + ",肤色:" + p.getSkin(); } }
import lombok.Data; @Data public class Person { private Integer height; private String skin; }
服务调用方,
bootstrap.yml
server:
port: 8082
servlet:
context-path: /nacosInvokespring:
application:
name: nacos-invoke
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
引入依赖:
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery </artifactId> <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
启动类上添加注解:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; //开启OpenFeign @EnableFeignClients @SpringBootApplication public class NacosInvokeApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigApplication.class, args); } }
创建@FeignClient修饰的接口:
import com.gs.nacos_invoke.dto.Person; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; /** * value值是服务提供方的服务名称 */ @FeignClient(value = "nacos-provider") public interface InvokeClient { @GetMapping("/nacosProvider/provide/distribute") String distribute(); @GetMapping("/nacosProvider/provide/distribute1") String distribute1(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") Integer age); @PostMapping("/nacosProvider/provide/distribute2") String distribute2(@RequestBody Person p); }
Person类(服务调用方再创建一个,不是同一个):
import lombok.Data; @Data public class Person { private Integer height; private String skin; }
编写控制器,使用接口请求提供方的服务:
import com.gs.nacos_invoke.dto.Person; import com.gs.nacos_config.feign.InvokeClient; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired private InvokeClient invokeClient; @GetMapping("/invoke") public void invoke(String name, Integer age) { String str = invokeClient.distribute(); System.out.println(str); } @GetMapping("/invoke1") public void invoke1() { String str = invokeClient.distribute1("coder", 20); System.out.println(str); } @GetMapping("/invoke2") public void invoke2() { Person p = new Person(); p.setHeight(183); p.setSkin("黄皮肤"); String s = invokeClient.distribute2(p); System.out.println(s); } }
注意事项
OpenFeign是基于Ribbon的,所以它默认是负载均衡的。其次,它也是基于Hystrix的,有超时降级的处理:默认服务提供方的接口超时时间是1s,超过1s服务调用方会报错。1s是可以配置的,按照业务需要调整。@FeignClient注解有个fallback属性,当该属性有值时,服务提供方超时,会返回程序所指定的降级值。
服务调用方,bootstrap.yml添加(更规范的做法是引入spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config依赖,nacos中新建配置,然后在这个配置中添加):
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
ribbon:
# 请求连接的超时时间
ConnectionTimeout: 3000
# 请求处理的超时时间
ReadTimeout: 3000hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000
接口修改为:
import com.gs.nacos_invoke.dto.Person; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; @FeignClient(value = "nacos-provider", fallback = InvokeClientFallback.class) public interface InvokeClient { @GetMapping("/nacosProvider/provide/distribute") String distribute(); @GetMapping("/nacosProvider/provide/distribute1") String distribute1(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") Integer age); @PostMapping("/nacosProvider/provide/distribute2") String distribute2(@RequestBody Person p); }
fallback指定的类:
import com.gs.nacos_invoke.dto.Person; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class InvokeClientFallback implements InvokeClient { @Override public String distribute() { return "超时3s"; } @Override public String distribute1(String name, Integer age) { return "超时3s"; } @Override public String distribute2(Person p) { return "超时3s"; } }
服务提供方ProviderController类的方法中,加入Thread.sleep(4000);或者throw new RuntimeException("抛异常");来触发降级(抛出未捕获的异常也能触发)。
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