教你使用SQL语句进行数据库复杂查询

时间:2023-02-02 初阶牛人气:0

前言

本篇可当做例题练习,

1.查询比”林红”年纪大的男学生信息
语句:

select *
from Student
where Sex='男' and 
	year(Birth)-(select year(Birth)from Student--这里是需要告诉查询的表名,相当于嵌套
	where Sname='林红')<0

2.检索所有学生的选课信息,包括学号、姓名、课程名、成绩,性别.
语句:

select sc.sno,sname, course.Cno,Cname,Grade,Sex
--这里如果两个表中都有同一个属性,则需要标明在哪个表,如sc.sno
from student,sc,Course
where student.Sno=sc.Sno and Sc.Cno=course.Cno

3.查询已经选课的学生的学号、姓名、课程名、成绩.
语句:

select sc.sno ,sname , Cname , Grade
from student s , course c, sc
where s.sno=sc.sno and c.cno=sc.cno

(4)查询选修了“C语言程序设计”的学生的学号与姓名
–a.用内连接查询
语句:

select sc.Sno,sname from student inner join sc on
student.Sno=sc.Sno inner join course on sc.Cno =course.cno
and Cname='C语言程序设计'

–b.用连接查询
语句:

select sc.Sno,sname from student,sc,course where
student .Sno=sc.Sno and sc.Cno =course.cno
and Cname='C语言程序设计'

–c.用子查询
语句:

select Sno,sname from student where Sno in
(select Sno from sc where Cno=
(select cno from course where Cname ='C语言程序设计'))

(5)查询与”张虹”在同一个班级的学生学号、姓名、家庭住址
–a．用连接查询
语句:

select a.Sno,a.sname,a.Home_addr from student a,student b 
where a.Classno =b.Classno and b.Sname ='张虹' and a.Sname!='张虹'

–b．用子查询
语句:

select Sno,sname,Home_addr  from student where
classno=(select classno from student where sname='张虹')
and sname!='张虹'

(6)查询其他班级中比”051”班所有学生年龄大的学生的学号、姓名
代码1:

select Sno,sname,Home_addr  from student where
classno!='051' and Birth<all (select Birth  from student where classno='051')

代码2:

select Sno,sname,Home_addr  from student where
classno!='051' and Birth<(select min(Birth)  from student where classno='051')

(7）(选作)查询选修了全部课程的学生姓名。本题使用除运算的方法。
–由题意可得另一种语言，没有一个选了课的学生没有选course表里的课程。那么，我们需要两个NOT EXISTS表示双重否定;
语句:

select Sname from student
where not exists (
select * from course
where not exists (
select * from sc
where sno=student. sno
and cno=Course.cno))

(8）查询至少选修了学生“20110002”选修的全部课程的学生的学号，姓名。
语句:

select Sno, Sname from student
where sno in (
select distinct sno from sc as sc1
where not exists (
select * from sc as sc2 where sc2.sno='20110002'
and not exists (
select * from sc as sc3 where sc3.Sno=sc1.sno and
sc3.cno=sC2.cno) )
)

(9）检索选修了“高数”课且成绩至少高于选修课程号为“002"课程的学生的学号、课程号、成绩，并按成绩从高到低排列。
语句:

select sc.Sno, sc.cno , grade from sc where
grade >all(select grade from sc where cno='002' ) and
Cno= (select Cno
from course where Cname='高数')
order by Grade desc

(10)检索选修了至少3门以上课程的学生的学号、总成绩(不统计不及格的成绩)，并要求按总成绩降序排列。
语句:

select sno,SUM(grade) from sc where sno in (select Sno from sc group by sno
having COUNT(*)>=3) and Grade>=60 group by sno
order by SUM (grade) desc

(12）检索多于3名学生选修的并以3结尾的课程号的平均成绩。
语句:

select avg(Grade) as 平均成绩
from sc
where Cno like '%3' group by cno
having count (Cno)>3

(13）检索最高分与最低分之差大于5分的学生的学号、姓名、最高分、最底分。

select distinct sc.sno 学号,sname 姓名,
max (grade) as最高分,min (grade) as最低分
from student,sc
where sc.sno=student.Sno group by sc.sno , Sname
having max(grade) -min (grade) >5

(14)创建一个表Student_other，结构同student,输入若干记录，部分记录和student表中的相同。
–创建过程:

create table student__other (
Sno char (8) primary key,
Sname varchar (8) not null,
sex char(2) not null,
Birth smalldatetime not null,
Classno char (3) not null,
Entrance_date smalldatetime not null,
Home_addr varchar (40) ,
sdept char (2) not null,
Postcode char (6)
)

随意插入几条student表中没有的数据:

在这里插入图片描述

–a.查询同时出现在Student表和student_other表中的记录
语句:

select * from student__other so ,student s
where so.sno=s.sno

----b．查询Student表和Student_other表中的全部记录
代码:

select * from student
union
select * from student__other

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