Python实现PING命令的示例代码

ping [ - Rdfnqrv ] [ - c count ] [ - i wait ] [ - l preload ] [ - p pattern ] [ - s packetsize ] host

# encoding:utf-8
import time
import struct
import socket
import select
 
 
 
 
def chesksum(data):
    n = len(data)
    m = n % 2
    sum = 0
    for i in range(0, n - m ,2):
        sum += (data[i]) + ((data[i+1]) << 8)#传入data以每两个字节（十六进制）通过ord转十进制，第一字节在低位，第二个字节在高位
    if m:
        sum += (data[-1])
    #将高于16位与低16位相加
    sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff)
    sum += (sum >> 16) #如果还有高于16位，将继续与低16位相加
    answer = ~sum & 0xffff
    #  主机字节序转网络字节序列（参考小端序转大端序）
    answer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00)
    return answer
 
def request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body):
    #  把字节打包成二进制数据
    icmp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
    icmp_chesksum = chesksum(icmp_packet)  #获取校验和
    #  把校验和传入，再次打包
    icmp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,icmp_chesksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
    return icmp_packet
 
 
def raw_socket(dst_addr,icmp_packet):
    '''
       连接套接字,并将数据发送到套接字
    '''
    #实例化一个socket对象，ipv4，原套接字，分配协议端口
    rawsocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket.getprotobyname("icmp"))
    #记录当前请求时间
    send_request_ping_time = time.time()
    #发送数据到网络
    rawsocket.sendto(icmp_packet,(dst_addr,80))
    #返回数据
    return send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,dst_addr
 
 
def reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence,timeout = 2):
    while True:
        #开始时间
        started_select = time.time()
        #实例化select对象，可读rawsocket，可写为空，可执行为空，超时时间
        what_ready = select.select([rawsocket], [], [], timeout)
        #等待时间
        wait_for_time = (time.time() - started_select)
        #没有返回可读的内容，判断超时
        if what_ready[0] == []:  # Timeout
            return -1
        #记录接收时间
        time_received = time.time()
        #设置接收的包的字节为1024
        received_packet, addr = rawsocket.recvfrom(1024)
        #获取接收包的icmp头
        #print(icmpHeader)
        icmpHeader = received_packet[20:28]
        #反转编码
        type, code, checksum, packet_id, sequence = struct.unpack(
            ">BBHHH", icmpHeader
        )
 
        if type == 0 and sequence == data_Sequence:
            return time_received - send_request_ping_time
 
        #数据包的超时时间判断
        timeout = timeout - wait_for_time
        if timeout <= 0:
            return -1
def dealtime(dst_addr,sumtime,shorttime,longtime,accept,i,time):
    sumtime += time
    print(sumtime)
    if i == 4:
        print("{0}的Ping统计信息：".format(dst_addr))
        print("数据包：已发送={0},接收={1}，丢失={2}（{3}%丢失），\n往返行程的估计时间（以毫秒为单位）：\n\t最短={4}ms，最长={5}ms，平均={6}ms".format(i+1,accept,i+1-accept,(i+1-accept)/(i+1)*100,shorttime,longtime,sumtime))
def ping(host):
    send, accept, lost = 0, 0, 0
    sumtime, shorttime, longtime, avgtime = 0, 1000, 0, 0
    #TODO icmp数据包的构建
    data_type = 8 # ICMP Echo Request
    data_code = 0 # must be zero
    data_checksum = 0 # "...with value 0 substituted for this field..."
    data_ID = 0 #Identifier
    data_Sequence = 1 #Sequence number
    payload_body = b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi' #data
 
    # 将主机名转ipv4地址格式，返回以ipv4地址格式的字符串，如果主机名称是ipv4地址，则它将保持不变
    dst_addr = socket.gethostbyname(host)
    print("正在 Ping {0} [{1}] 具有 32 字节的数据:".format(host,dst_addr))
    for i in range(0,4):
        send = i + 1
        #请求ping数据包的二进制转换
        icmp_packet = request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence + i,payload_body)
        #连接套接字,并将数据发送到套接字
        send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,addr = raw_socket(dst_addr,icmp_packet)
        #数据包传输时间
        times = reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence + i)
        if times > 0:
            print("来自 {0} 的回复: 字节=32 时间={1}ms".format(addr,int(times*1000)))
 
            accept += 1
            return_time = int(times * 1000)
            sumtime += return_time
            if return_time > longtime:
                longtime = return_time
            if return_time < shorttime:
                shorttime = return_time
            time.sleep(0.7)
        else:
            lost += 1
            print("请求超时。")
 
        if send == 4:
            print("{0}的Ping统计信息:".format(dst_addr))
            print("\t数据包：已发送={0},接收={1}，丢失={2}（{3}%丢失），\n往返行程的估计时间（以毫秒为单位）：\n\t最短={4}ms，最长={5}ms，平均={6}ms".format(
                i + 1, accept, i + 1 - accept, (i + 1 - accept) / (i + 1) * 100, shorttime, longtime, sumtime/send))
 
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    i = input("请输入要ping的主机或域名\n")
    ping(i)