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SpringMVC REST风格深入详细讲解

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REST简介

REST介绍

传统风格资源描述形式

REST风格描述形式

优点

RESTful介绍

按照REST风格访问资源时使用==行为动作==区分对资源进行了何种操作

根据REST风格对资源进行访问称为RESTful

注意事项

RESTful入门案例

快速入门

做法:在Controller中定义方法时设定"http请求动作(请求方式)"和"设定请求参数(路径变量)"

@Controller
public class UserController {
    //设置当前请求方法为POST,表示REST风格中的添加操作
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public String save(){
        System.out.println("user save...");
        return "{'module':'user save'}";
    }
    //设置当前请求方法为DELETE,表示REST风格中的删除操作
    //@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    @ResponseBody
    public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("user delete..." + id);
        return "{'module':'user delete'}";
    }
    //设置当前请求方法为PUT,表示REST风格中的修改操作
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    @ResponseBody
    public String update(@RequestBody User user){
        System.out.println("user update..."+user);
        return "{'module':'user update'}";
    }
    //设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作
    //@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("user getById..."+id);
        return "{'module':'user getById'}";
    }
    //设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String getAll(){
        System.out.println("user getAll...");
        return "{'module':'user getAll'}";
    }
}

@PathVariable介绍

@RequestBody、@RequestParam、@PathVariable区别和应用

区别

应用

REST快速开发

代码中的问题

以上截图中的代码和之前写的UserController中的方法类似,其中图中两个方法都有三处是有问题的,可以进行优化。存在的问题如下:

Rest快速开发

解决以上三个问题

解决问题1:在Controller类上使用@RequestMapping定义共同的访问路径。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save..." + book);
        return "{'module':'book save'}";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book delete..." + id);
        return "{'module':'book delete'}";
    }
    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String update(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book update..."+book);
        return "{'module':'book update'}";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
        return "{'module':'book getById'}";
    }
    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll...");
        return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
    }
}

解决问题2:使用@GetMapping @PostMapping @PutMapping @DeleteMapping代替@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.XXX)

@Controller   
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
//    @RequestMapping( method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @PostMapping//使用@PostMapping简化Post请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save..." + book);
        return "{'module':'book save'}";
    }
//    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")  //使用@DeleteMapping简化DELETE请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book delete..." + id);
        return "{'module':'book delete'}";
    }
//    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    @PutMapping   //使用@PutMapping简化Put请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String update(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book update..."+book);
        return "{'module':'book update'}";
    }
//    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @GetMapping("/{id}")    //使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
        return "{'module':'book getById'}";
    }
//    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @GetMapping      //使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll...");
        return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
    }
}

解决问题3:在Controller类上使用@RestController注解,等同于@Controller与@ResponseBody两个注解组合功能

@RestController     //使用@RestController注解替换@Controller与@ResponseBody注解,简化书写
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
    //方法省略了没写
}

案例-基于RESTful页面数据交互

案例效果和环境准备

案例效果

环境准备

//POJO实体类
public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String type;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    //重写getter、setter、toString()方法...
}
//SpringMVC容器初始化类
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[0];
    }
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
    //乱码处理
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[]{filter};
    }
}
//SpringMVC配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.moming.controller","com.moming.config"})
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

代码实现

制作SpringMVC控制器,并通过PostMan测试接口功能

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
    @PostMapping
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book);
        return "{'module':'book save success'}";
    }
    @GetMapping
    public List<Book> getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll is running ...");
        List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
        Book book1 = new Book();
        book1.setType("计算机");
        book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程");
        book1.setDescription("小试牛刀");
        bookList.add(book1);
        Book book2 = new Book();
        book2.setType("计算机");
        book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程");
        book2.setDescription("一代宗师");
        bookList.add(book2);
        Book book3 = new Book();
        book3.setType("计算机丛书");
        book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶");
        book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作");
        bookList.add(book3);
        return bookList;
    }
}

静态页面资源(REST功能页面)

链接:链接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1u9GSGrDejwDDbFAe_inEGQ?pwd=aaey

设置对静态资源的访问放行

@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    //设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载
    @Override
    protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        //当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容
        registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**")
            .addResourceLocations("/pages/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**")
            .addResourceLocations("/js/");              
        registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**")
            .addResourceLocations("/css/");       
        registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**")
            .addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
    }
}

books.html前端页面通过异步提交访问后台控制器

//添加
saveBook () {
    axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{
    });
},
//主页列表查询
getAll() {
    axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{
        this.dataList = res.data;
    });
},

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