SpringBoot使用统一返回结果
picacho_pkq 人气:0在一个完整的项目中,如果每一个控制器的方法都返回不同的结果,那么对项目的维护和扩展都会很麻烦;并且现在主流的开发模式时前后端分离的模式,如果后端返回各式各样的结果,那么在前后端联调时会非常的麻烦,还会增加前后端的格外任务。
所以,在一个项目中统一返回结果就是一个十分必要和友好的做法。接下来就用一个简单的demo来看看统一返回结果的效果。
1.创建Spring Boot项目
这里比较简单,就不详细介绍了;将多余的文件删除,保持项目的整洁;引入必要的依赖。
demo的项目结构
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
2.返回结果的封装
在common包下创建Result结果类,将需要返回的必要数据封装在Result结果类中;这里封装三个属性,第一个是返回的状态码,第二个是返回的描述信息,第三个是返回的数据,此数据是前端需要接收展示的数据。
Result.java
@Setter @Getter @ToString public class Result<T> implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private int resultCode; private String message; private T data; public Result(){ } public Result(int resultCode, String message){ this.resultCode = resultCode; this.message = message; } // 服务器处理失败 public Result failure(){ return new Result(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SERVER_ERROR, "服务器错误"); } }
创建Constants类,规定基本的状态码所代表的含义;这些状态码的基本规定需要符合常见的状态码含义,并且在一个项目能够保证统一即可。
Constants.java
public class Constants { public static final int RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS = 200; // 成功处理请求 public static final int RESULT_CODE_BAD_REQUEST = 412; // 请求错误 public static final int RESULT_CODE_NOT_LOGIN = 402; // 未登录 public static final int RESULT_CODE_PARAM_ERROR = 406; // 传参错误 public static final int RESULT_CODE_SERVER_ERROR= 500; // 服务器错误 // 等等,可以根据场景继续添加 }
最后创建结果类生成器ResultGenerator类,用于生成结果类。
ResultGenerator.java
public class ResultGenerator { private static final String DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE = "SUCCESS"; private static final String DEFAULT_FAIL_MESSAGE = "FAIL"; public static Result genSuccessResult(){ Result result = new Result(); result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS); result.setMessage(DEFAULT_FAIL_MESSAGE); return result; } public static Result genSuccessResult(String message){ Result result = new Result(); result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS); result.setMessage(message); return result; } public static Result genSuccessResult(Object data){ Result result = new Result(); result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS); result.setMessage(DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE); result.setData(data); return result; } public static Result genFailResult(String message){ Result result = new Result(); result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SERVER_ERROR); if(StringUtils.isEmpty(message)){ result.setMessage(DEFAULT_FAIL_MESSAGE); }else{ result.setMessage(message); } return result; } public static Result genNullResult(String message){ Result result = new Result(); result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_BAD_REQUEST); result.setMessage(message); return result; } public static Result genErrorResult(int code, String message){ Result result = new Result(); result.setResultCode(code); result.setMessage(message); return result; } }
3.后端接口实现
这里实现简单的增删改查,并且应用统一返回结果。
3.1 创建实体类
User.java
@Setter @Getter @Generated @ToString public class User { private Integer id; private String name; private String password; }
3.2 创建dao层
UserDao.java
public interface UserDao { /** * 查询所有的用户 * @return */ public List<User> findAllUsers(); /** * 根据主键查询用户 * @param id * @return */ public User getUserById(Integer id); /** * 添加一个用户 * @param user * @return */ public int insertUser(User user); /** * 修改一个用户信息 * @param user * @return */ public int updateUser(User user); /** * 删除一个用户 * @param id * @return */ public int deleteUser(Integer id); }
userDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.picacho.dao.UserDao"> <resultMap type="com.picacho.entity.User" id="UserResult"> <result property="id" column="id"/> <result property="name" column="name"/> <result property="password" column="password"/> </resultMap> <select id="findAllUsers" resultMap="UserResult"> select id,name,password from tb_user order by id desc </select> <select id="getUserById" resultMap="UserResult"> select id,name,password from tb_user where id = #{id} </select> <insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.picacho.entity.User"> insert into tb_user(name,password) values(#{name},#{password}) </insert> <update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.picacho.entity.User"> update tb_user set name=#{name},password=#{password} where id=#{id} </update> <delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int"> delete from tb_user where id=#{id} </delete> </mapper>
3.3 创建Controller层
这里基本没有任何业务逻辑可言,只是单纯的增删改查,所以也就不太需要业务层了。
UserController.java
@Controller public class UserController { @Autowired UserDao userDao; /** * 查询所有用户 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public Result<List<User>> queryAll(){ List<User> users = userDao.findAllUsers(); return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult(users); } /** * 查询一个用户 * @param id * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public Result<User> queryOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ if(id == null || id < 1){ return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("缺少参数"); } User user = userDao.getUserById(id); if(user == null){ return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("无此数据"); } return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult(user); } /** * 添加一个用户 * @param user * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public Result<Boolean> insert(@RequestBody User user){ if(StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getName()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword())){ return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("缺少参数"); } return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult(userDao.insertUser(user) > 0); } /** * 修改用户信息 * @param user * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.PUT) @ResponseBody public Result<Boolean> update(@RequestBody User user){ if(user.getId() == null || user.getId() < 1 || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getName()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword())){ return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("缺少参数"); } User tempUser = userDao.getUserById(user.getId()); if(tempUser == null){ return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("参数异常"); } tempUser.setName(user.getName()); tempUser.setPassword(user.getPassword()); return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult(userDao.updateUser(tempUser) > 0); } /** * 删除一个用户 * @param id * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) @ResponseBody public Result<Boolean> delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ if(id == null || id < 1){ return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("缺少参数"); } return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult(userDao.deleteUser(id) > 0); } }
4.前端部分
这里前端使用ajax来与后端进行交互,所以前端资源只需要引入jquery即可。
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
user-test.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title>统一返回结果 | 请求测试</title> </head> <body class="hold-transition login-page"> <div style="width:720px;margin:7% auto"> <div class="content"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> <hr> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <h5 class="m-0">详情查询接口测试</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <input id="queryId" type="number" placeholder="请输入id字段"> <h6 class="card-title">查询接口返回数据如下:</h6> <p class="card-text" id="result0"></p> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="requestQuery()">发送详情查询请求</a> </div> </div> <br> <hr> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <h5 class="m-0">列表查询接口测试</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h6 class="card-title">查询接口返回数据如下:</h6> <p class="card-text" id="result1"></p> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="requestQueryList()">发送列表查询请求</a> </div> </div> <br> <hr> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <h5 class="m-0">添加接口测试</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <input id="addName" type="text" placeholder="请输入name字段"> <input id="addPassword" type="text" placeholder="请输入password字段"> <h6 class="card-title">添加接口返回数据如下:</h6> <p class="card-text" id="result2"></p> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="requestAdd()">发送添加请求</a> </div> </div> <br> <hr> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <h5 class="m-0">修改接口测试</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <input id="updateId" type="number" placeholder="请输入id字段"> <input id="updateName" type="text" placeholder="请输入name字段"> <input id="updatePassword" type="text" placeholder="请输入password字段"> <h6 class="card-title">修改接口返回数据如下:</h6> <p class="card-text" id="result3"></p> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="requestUpdate()">发送修改请求</a> </div> </div> <br> <hr> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <h5 class="m-0">删除接口测试</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <input id="deleteId" type="number" placeholder="请输入id字段"> <h6 class="card-title">删除接口返回数据如下:</h6> <p class="card-text" id="result4"></p> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="requestDelete()">发送删除请求</a> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- jQuery --> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function requestQuery() { var id = $("#queryId").val(); if (typeof id == "undefined" || id == null || id == "" || id < 0) { return false; } $.ajax({ type: "GET",//方法类型 dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型 url: "/users/" + id, contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", success: function (result) { $("#result0").html(JSON.stringify(result)); }, error: function () { $("#result0").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!"); } }); } function requestQueryList() { $.ajax({ type: "GET",//方法类型 dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型 url: "/users", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", success: function (result) { $("#result1").html(JSON.stringify(result)); }, error: function () { $("#result1").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!"); } }); } function requestAdd() { var name = $("#addName").val(); var password = $("#addPassword").val(); var data = {"name": name, "password": password} $.ajax({ type: "POST",//方法类型 dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型 url: "/users", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", data: JSON.stringify(data), success: function (result) { $("#result2").html(JSON.stringify(result)); }, error: function () { $("#result2").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!"); } }); } function requestUpdate() { var id = $("#updateId").val(); var name = $("#updateName").val(); var password = $("#updatePassword").val(); var data = {"id": id, "name": name, "password": password} $.ajax({ type: "PUT",//方法类型 dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型 url: "/users", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", data: JSON.stringify(data), success: function (result) { $("#result3").html(JSON.stringify(result)); }, error: function () { $("#result3").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!"); } }); } function requestDelete() { var id = $("#deleteId").val(); if (typeof id == "undefined" || id == null || id == "" || id < 0) { return false; } $.ajax({ type: "DELETE",//方法类型 dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型 url: "/users/" + id, contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", success: function (result) { $("#result4").html(JSON.stringify(result)); }, error: function () { $("#result4").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!"); } }); } </script> </body> </html>
5.验证
验证添加效果
验证查询
验证查询多个用户
修改用户
删除用户
测试也基本成功了,这样统一的返回结果在前端接收处理数据时,会十分具有优势,所以在完整的项目中也都是采用这种方案,到这里这个demo也就基本结束了。
加载全部内容