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Winform控件优化

代码迷途 人气:0

前言

Windows 11下所有控件已经默认采用圆角，其效果更好、相对有着更好的优化，只是这是默认的行为，无法进一步自定义。

注意两点：

实现圆角控件比较好的一个思路是在控件的Paint事件中进行绘制，不太好的地方在于每次实现时都要添加事件处理，且不能在设计器中实时看到效果。

只要有Paint事件的组件都实现绘制圆角【如果没有，也可以通过将控件放在Panel中，借助Panel的圆角实现】。

Paint事件中实现圆角控件

注意：由于控件在Paint事件方法中进行了重新绘制，因此文本也被覆盖了，需要处理文本的绘制显示

新建项目 CustomControlRound，窗体中添加两个Panel、三个Button、一个Label控件。button设置Flat样式、边框为0。

然后在Paint事件方法中调用绘制圆角区域的方法（具体代码参见下一部分的扩展方法），具体如下：

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        panel1.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
        panel2.Paint += Panel2_Paint;

        panel1.BackColor = panel2.BackColor = Color.Transparent;

        button1.Paint += Button1_Paint;
        button1.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Flat;
        button1.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
        button1.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = Color.Transparent;
        button1.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = Color.Transparent;
        button1.FlatAppearance.CheckedBackColor = Color.Transparent;


        button2.Paint += Button1_Paint;
        button2.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Flat;
        button2.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
        //button2.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = SystemColors.ButtonFace;
        button2.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = Color.Transparent;
        button2.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = Color.Transparent;
        button2.FlatAppearance.CheckedBackColor = Color.Transparent;

        button3.Paint += Button1_Paint;
        button3.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Flat;
        button3.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
        //button3.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = SystemColors.ButtonFace;
        button3.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = Color.Transparent;
        button3.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = Color.Transparent;
        button3.FlatAppearance.CheckedBackColor = Color.Transparent;

        label1.Paint += Label1_Paint;
        label1.BackColor = Color.Transparent;
    }

    private void Label1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        var l = (Label)sender;
        // e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(e.ClipRectangle,  18, Color.FromArgb(180, 200, 210), Color.FromArgb(120, 120, 100)); // 不推荐
        e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0,0, l.Width,l.Height),  18, Color.FromArgb(180, 200, 210), Color.FromArgb(120, 120, 100));
    }

    private void Button1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        var btn = (Button)sender;
        e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0, 0, btn.Width, btn.Height), 18, Color.FromArgb(0, 122, 204), Color.FromArgb(8, 39, 57));

        ((Button)sender).NotifyDefault(false); // 去除窗体失去焦点时最新激活的按钮边框外观样式
    }

    private void Panel1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        var panel = sender as Panel;
        var rect=e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0, 0, panel.Width, panel.Height), 18, Color.FromArgb(90, 143, 0), Color.FromArgb(41, 67, 0),true, rectAlign);
    }

    private void Panel2_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        var panel = sender as Panel;
        var rect = e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0, 0, panel.Width, panel.Height), 18, Color.FromArgb(113, 113, 113), Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0));
    }
}

查看效果：

在Paint事件中不需要调用 base.OnPaint(e);，只有在继承控件重写OnPaint方法时，才应该(在函数方法开始时)调用base.OnPaint(e);。

提取绘制圆角矩形和旁边小尖角的代码为扩展方法

介绍

下面是提取的扩展方法，对源代码进行了修改和优化。

// 尖角的大小 默认为 开始位置为_radius 底边为20，高度为13的等腰三角形
var cuspHemlineStart = _radius;
var cuspHemlineLength = 20;
var cuspHeight = 13;

扩展方法

扩展方法代码如下，将其放在namespace System.Drawing.Drawing2D下，可直接方便的从Graphics对象调用。

/// <summary>
/// 绘制可渐变的圆角矩形，并指定是否有三角小尖及其位置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g"></param>
/// <param name="rectangle">矩形区域</param>
/// <param name="_radius">圆角半径</param>
/// <param name="begin_bgcolor">背景渐变开始色</param>
/// <param name="end_bgcolor">背景渐变结束色</param>
/// <param name="cusp">是否有三角小尖，默认无</param>
/// <param name="rectAlign">三角小尖的位置，默认右上</param>
/// <param name="gradientMode">渐变模式，默认垂直方向渐变</param>
public static void DrawRoundRectAndCusp(this Graphics g, Rectangle rectangle, int _radius, Color begin_bgcolor, Color end_bgcolor, bool cusp = false, RectangleAlign rectAlign= RectangleAlign.RightTop, LinearGradientMode gradientMode = LinearGradientMode.Vertical)
{
    ////抗锯齿 等模式在Graphics外层自定义设置
    //g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
    //渐变填充
    LinearGradientBrush linearGradientBrush = new LinearGradientBrush(rectangle, begin_bgcolor, end_bgcolor, gradientMode);
    g.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(rectangle, _radius, linearGradientBrush, cusp, rectAlign);
}

/// <summary>
/// 绘制指定背景的圆角矩形，并指定是否有三角小尖及其位置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g"></param>
/// <param name="rectangle">矩形区域</param>
/// <param name="_radius">圆角半径</param>
/// <param name="bgcolor">指定背景色</param>
/// <param name="cusp">是否有三角小尖，默认无</param>
/// <param name="rectAlign">三角小尖的位置，默认右上</param>
public static void DrawRoundRectAndCusp(this Graphics g, Rectangle rectangle, int _radius, Color bgcolor, bool cusp = false, RectangleAlign rectAlign = RectangleAlign.RightTop)
{
    ////抗锯齿 等模式在Graphics外层自定义设置
    //g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
    //渐变填充
    var  brush = new SolidBrush(bgcolor);
    g.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(rectangle, _radius, brush, cusp, rectAlign);
}

/// <summary>
/// 绘制Brush画刷的圆角矩形，并指定是否有三角小尖及其位置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g"></param>
/// <param name="rectangle">矩形区域</param>
/// <param name="_radius">圆角半径</param>
/// <param name="bgbrush">指定背景画刷</param>
/// <param name="cusp">是否有三角小尖，默认无</param>
/// <param name="rectAlign">三角小尖的位置，默认右上</param>
public static void DrawRoundRectAndCusp(this Graphics g, Rectangle rectangle, int _radius, Brush bgbrush, bool cusp = false, RectangleAlign rectAlign = RectangleAlign.RightTop)
{
    ////抗锯齿 尽可能高质量绘制
    g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
    g.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
    g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; // SmoothingMode.HighQuality 
    g.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
    g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBilinear;

    var rect = rectangle;
    //画尖角 对应的变更rect区域
    if (cusp)
    {
        // 尖角的大小 默认为 开始位置为_radius 底边为20，高度为13的等腰三角形
        var cuspHemlineStart = _radius;
        var cuspHemlineLength = 20;
        var cuspHeight = 13;

        // 让位出来的间隔暂时为尖角高度-1
        var span = cuspHeight - 1;

        // 三角顶点
        PointF p1, p2, p3;

        switch (rectAlign)
        {
            case RectangleAlign.AboveLeft:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHemlineStart, rectangle.Y + cuspHeight);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength, rectangle.Y + cuspHeight);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength / 2, rectangle.Y);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y + span, rectangle.Width, rectangle.Height - span);
                break;
            case RectangleAlign.AboveRight:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHemlineStart, rectangle.Y + cuspHeight);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength, rectangle.Y + cuspHeight);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength / 2, rectangle.Y);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y + span, rectangle.Width, rectangle.Height - span);
                break;
            case RectangleAlign.RightBottom:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHeight, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHemlineStart);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHeight, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.Right, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength / 2);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width - span, rectangle.Height);
                break;
            case RectangleAlign.BelowRight:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHemlineStart, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHeight);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHeight);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength / 2, rectangle.Bottom);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width, rectangle.Height - span);
                break;
            case RectangleAlign.BelowLeft:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHemlineStart, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHeight);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHeight);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength / 2, rectangle.Bottom);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width, rectangle.Height - span);
                break;
            case RectangleAlign.LeftBottom:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHeight, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHemlineStart);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHeight, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.X, rectangle.Bottom - cuspHemlineStart - cuspHemlineLength / 2);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X + span, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width - span, rectangle.Height);
                break;
            case RectangleAlign.LeftTop:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHeight, rectangle.Y + cuspHemlineStart);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.X + cuspHeight, rectangle.Y + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength / 2);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X + span, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width - span, rectangle.Height);
                break;
            case RectangleAlign.RightTop:
            default:
                p1 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHeight, rectangle.Y + cuspHemlineStart);
                p2 = new PointF(rectangle.Right - cuspHeight, rectangle.Y + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength);
                p3 = new PointF(rectangle.Right, rectangle.Y + cuspHemlineStart + cuspHemlineLength / 2);
                rect = new Rectangle(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width - span, rectangle.Height);
                break;
        }

        PointF[] ptsArray = new PointF[] { p1, p2, p3 };

        // 填充参数点所指定的多边形内部
        g.FillPolygon(bgbrush, ptsArray);
    }
    //填充
    g.FillPath(bgbrush, rect.GetRoundedRectPath(_radius));
}

/// <summary> 
/// 根据普通矩形得到圆角矩形的路径 【根据矩形区域rect，计算呈现radius圆角的Graphics路径】
/// </summary> 
/// <param name="rect">原始矩形</param> 
/// <param name="radius">半径</param> 
/// <returns>图形路径</returns> 
public static GraphicsPath GetRoundedRectPath(this Rectangle rect, int radius)
{
    #region 正确绘制圆角矩形区域
    int R = radius*2;
    Rectangle arcRect = new Rectangle(rect.Location, new Size(R, R));
    GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();

    if (radius <= 0)
    {
        path.AddRectangle(rect);
    }
    else
    {
        // 左上圆弧 左手坐标系，顺时针为正 从180开始，转90度
        path.AddArc(arcRect, 180, 90);
        // 右上圆弧
        arcRect.X = rect.Right - R;
        path.AddArc(arcRect, 270, 90);
        // 右下圆弧
        arcRect.Y = rect.Bottom - R;
        path.AddArc(arcRect, 0, 90);
        // 左下圆弧
        arcRect.X = rect.Left;
        path.AddArc(arcRect, 90, 90);
    }

    //path.CloseFigure();
    // 闭合路径中所有开放图形，并形成新图形
    path.CloseAllFigures();
    return path;
    #endregion
}

/// <summary> 
/// 获取圆角矩形的路径 
/// </summary> 
/// <param name="rect">原始矩形</param> 
/// <param name="radius">半径</param> 
/// <returns>图形路径</returns> 
public static GraphicsPath GetRoundedRectPath(int x, int y, int width, int height, int radius)
{
    Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);
    return rect.GetRoundedRectPath(radius);
}

测试尖角的显示位置

复制几个Panel，在Paint事件中分别处理尖角的位置

panel1.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
panel3.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
panel4.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
panel5.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
panel6.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
panel7.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
panel8.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
panel9.Paint += Panel1_Paint;
/// ......
private void Panel1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
    var panel = sender as Panel;
    var rectAlign = RectangleAlign.RightTop;
    switch (panel.Name)
    {
        case "panel3":
            rectAlign = RectangleAlign.AboveLeft;
            break;
        case "panel4":
            rectAlign = RectangleAlign.AboveRight;
            break;
        case "panel5":
            rectAlign = RectangleAlign.BelowLeft;
            break;
        case "panel6":
            rectAlign = RectangleAlign.BelowRight;
            break;
        case "panel7":
            rectAlign = RectangleAlign.LeftBottom;
            break;
        case "panel8":
            rectAlign = RectangleAlign.LeftTop;
            break;
        case "panel9":
            rectAlign = RectangleAlign.RightBottom;
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    var rect=e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0, 0, panel.Width, panel.Height), 18, Color.FromArgb(90, 143, 0), Color.FromArgb(41, 67, 0),true, rectAlign);

    e.Graphics.DrawText(rect, "这是一个Panel控件，非常适合显示消息", Color.White, panel.Font);
}

查看效果：

重绘控件后文本的处理

由于重新绘制导致文本也被覆盖的情况，有比较常见的两种处理方法：

同时重绘文本

同样将绘制文本的方法提取为扩展方法，借助StringFormat字符串格式对象实现文字的布局处理。

不推荐使用Graphics.DrawString绘制按钮控件（Rectangle区域）内的文字，当然DrawString也有一定有时比如文字方向的处理。

/// <summary>
/// 绘制(控件区域)文本内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g"></param>
/// <param name="rect"></param>
/// <param name="text"></param>
/// <param name="color"></param>
/// <param name="font"></param>
/// <param name="_textAlign">文字布局，默认居中。实际测试并未真正的居中，垂直方向偏上，改为通过计算rect的中心位置实现，使用微软雅黑还好点，字体大小最好偶数</param>
/// <param name="rtl">是否RightToLeft 无效果，不推荐使用</param>
public static void DrawText(this Graphics g, Rectangle rect, string text, Color color, Font font, ContentAlignment _textAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter, bool rtl=false)
{
        var formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter | TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter; // 默认居中
        switch (_textAlign)
        {
            case ContentAlignment.TopLeft:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.Top | TextFormatFlags.Left;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.TopCenter:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.Top | TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.TopRight:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.Top | TextFormatFlags.Right;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.MiddleLeft:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter | TextFormatFlags.Left;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.MiddleRight:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter | TextFormatFlags.Right;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.BottomLeft:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.Bottom | TextFormatFlags.Left;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.BottomCenter:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.Bottom | TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.BottomRight:
                formatFlags = TextFormatFlags.Bottom | TextFormatFlags.Right;
                break;
            case ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter:
            default:
                break;
        }
        if (rtl)
        {
            formatFlags |= TextFormatFlags.RightToLeft; // 无效果
        }
        TextRenderer.DrawText(g, text, font, rect, color, formatFlags);
}

要注意添加了小三角后的文字绘制区域问题，如果使用默认的全部预期有可能导致文字超出范围，且，布局也不是相对于绘制的主体。如下图对比的效果。

因此，可修改圆角绘制的函数，使其返回绘制后的主体区域。

private void Panel1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
    var panel = sender as Panel;
    var rect=e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0, 0, panel.Width, panel.Height), 18, Color.FromArgb(90, 143, 0), Color.FromArgb(41, 67, 0),true, rectAlign);

    //e.Graphics.DrawText(e.ClipRectangle, "这是一个Panel控件，非常适合显示消息", Color.White, panel.Font);
    // 使用合适的区域
    e.Graphics.DrawText(rect, "这是一个Panel控件，非常适合显示消息", Color.White, panel.Font);
}

通过添加Label控件实现对文本的处理【有尖角时需要额外处理】

label2.Text = "我是Label显示在圆角按钮上";
label2.Parent = button1;
label2.AutoSize = false;
label2.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
label2.BackColor = Color.Transparent;
label2.TextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
label2.ForeColor = Color.Wheat;

Paint事件中绘制圆角的优点

完全由用户绘制按钮区域实现圆角【之前文章介绍过】，可以发现，与直接在Paint事件中实现圆角，有着一定的锯齿，虽然不是很严重，但是还是Paint事件中实现的圆角看着相对好一些。

之前完全由用户绘制控件区域出现锯齿的问题，原因在于使用new Region(graphicPath)构造函数创建的新Region对象，创建的Region无法实现抗锯齿，即使开始抗锯齿和高质量绘制（无法应用到最终的Region）。

[唯一的]解决办法，是不创建新的Region，直接绘制无锯齿图形【无法对Region进行抗锯齿】。

窗体失去焦点时按钮外观边框问题

窗体失去焦点后，Button会显示出一个边框（即使已经设置BorderSize为0），只有在窗体失去焦点后，最后一个被激活过的Button（点击过的）才会出现。

比较好的解决办法是在Button的Paint事件中执行Button.NotifyDefault(false)方法。

下面是几种解决方式：

class MyButton:Button
{
    public override void NotifyDefault(bool value)
    {
        base.NotifyDefault(false);
    }
}

或者，还有一个取巧的解决办法，就是，设置FlatAppearance.BorderColor为Button按钮后面的背景色，这样就看不出来，类似没有的效果。如 button1.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = SystemColors.Control;。

或者，不是继承重写Button控件，直接在Button的Paint事件中，调用Button.NotifyDefault(false);方法。

private void Button1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
    var btn = (Button)sender;
    e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0, 0, btn.Width, btn.Height), 18, Color.FromArgb(0, 122, 204), Color.FromArgb(8, 39, 57));

    ((Button)sender).NotifyDefault(false); // 去除窗体失去焦点时最新激活的按钮边框外观样式
}

Paint事件中绘制控件的问题【不要使用(事件)参数e.ClipRectangle】

直接看下图演示，在发生控件大小、位置调整等需要重绘时，会发生控件错乱、显示不完整重叠等问题。

比如Panel事件中，原本的写法为：

var rect=e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(e.ClipRectangle, 18, Color.FromArgb(90, 143, 0), Color.FromArgb(41, 67, 0),true, rectAlign);

将其改为转换传递过来的控件参数为Panel对象，并通过其宽高获取其绘制区域：

var rect=e.Graphics.DrawRoundRectAndCusp(new Rectangle(0, 0, panel.Width, panel.Height), 18, Color.FromArgb(90, 143, 0), Color.FromArgb(41, 67, 0),true, rectAlign);

修改后错乱问题就不存在了：

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