Python paramiko模块
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python的ssh库操作需要引入一个远程控制的模块——paramiko,可用于对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作。
应用
登陆服务器,问题排查。可用于编写脚本,在服务器上做一些繁琐的重复操作。
安装
打开cmd,输入命令
python -m pip install paramiko
示例
1.秘钥登陆
配置免密登录,linux上信任了windows的公钥,然后脚本在windows上跑,使用windows的私钥就可以直接不要密码登录linux
注意
:提供秘钥的paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('文件')
,这里面的"文件"是你本机上的秘钥,不是指你被控机上的公钥哦!
import paramiko key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file("C:\\Users\\liyansheng\\.ssh\\id_rsa") ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) print("connecting") ssh.connect(hostname="192.168.220.128", username="root", pkey=key) print("connected") commands = "uname -a" stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(commands) stdin.close() res, err = stdout.read(), stderr.read() result = res if res else err print(result) ssh.close() if __name__ == '__main__': print()
2.单个命令执行
1.创建一个.py
文件,引入 paramiko
模块
import paramiko
2.建立SSHClient
对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
3.设置可信任,将主机加到host_allow
列表
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
4.创建连接
ssh.connect("150.158.16.123", 22, "wuyanping", "2022")
5.创建命令,发送并获取响应结果
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("ls /home") print(stdout.read().decode("utf-8"))
6.关闭连接
ssh.close()
3.执行多个命令
# 执行多条命令,注意传入的参数有个list def execMultiCmd(host, user, psw, cmds: list, port=22) -> (str, str): with paramiko.SSHClient() as ssh_client: ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=user, password=psw) cmd = ";".join(cmds) _, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(cmd, get_pty=True) result = stdout.read().decode('utf-8') err = stderr.read().decode('utf-8') return result, err if __name__ == '__main__': cmdList = ["cd /home", "ls"] print(execMultiCmd("192.168.220.128", "root", "root", cmdList))
4.SFTPClient下载文件
方法封装:
def down_file(host, user, psw, local_file, remote_file, port=22): with paramiko.Transport((host, port)) as transport: # 连接服务 transport.connect(username=user, password=psw) # 获取SFTP示例 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 下载 sftp.get(remote_file, local_file) transport.close()
问题:(错误)
if __name__ == '__main__': down_file(my_linux.host, my_linux.user, my_linux.psw, "D:\\ssh_download", "/home/test.txt")
Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\MyCode2\py-1\ssh\download.py", line 17, in <module> down_file("192.168.220.128", "root", "root", "D:\\ssh_download", "/home/test.txt") File "D:\MyCode2\py-1\ssh\download.py", line 11, in down_file sftp.get(remote_file, local_file) File "D:\MyCode2\py-1\venv\lib\site-packages\paramiko\sftp_client.py", line 810, in get with open(localpath, "wb") as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'D:\\ssh_download'
正确使用
要指定下载的文件名,不能只是一个目录
if __name__ == '__main__': down_file(my_linux.host, my_linux.user, my_linux.psw, "D:\\ssh_download\\test.txt", "/home/test.txt")
5.上传文件
def upload_file(host, user, psw, local_file, remote_file, port=22): with paramiko.Transport((host, port)) as transport: # 连接服务 transport.connect(username=user, password=psw) # 获取SFTP示例 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) sftp.put(local_file, remote_file) transport.close()
测试同下载,特别要注意路径问题
。如
if __name__ == '__main__': upload_file(my_linux.host, my_linux.user, my_linux.psw, "D:\\ssh_download\\test123.txt", "/home/test/test123.txt")
6.ssh工具封装
import os import paramiko class SSHTool(): def __init__(self, ip, port, user, psw): """ 初始化 :param ip: :param port: :param user: :param psw: """ self.ip = ip self.port = port self.user = user self.psw = psw def connect_ssh(self): """ 创建连接 :return: """ try: self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) self.ssh.connect( hostname=self.ip, port=self.port, username=self.user, password=self.psw ) except Exception as e: print(e) return self.ssh def close_ssh(self): """ 关闭连接 :return: """ try: self.ssh.close() except Exception as e: print(e) def exec_shell(self, shell): ssh = self.connect_ssh() try: stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(shell) return stdin, stdout, stderr except Exception as e: print(e) def sftp_put_file(self, file, local_dir, remote_dir): try: t = paramiko.Transport((self.ip, self.port)) t.connect(username=self.user, password=self.psw) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) sftp.put(os.path.join(local_dir, file), remote_dir) t.close() except Exception: print("connect error!") def sftp_get_file(self, file, local_dir, remote_dir): try: t = paramiko.Transport((self.ip, self.port)) t.connect(username=self.user, password=self.psw) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) sftp.get(remote_dir, os.path.join(local_dir, file)) t.close() except Exception: print("connect error!")
补充
获取当前文件路径:os.getcwd()
import os if __name__ == '__main__': print(os.getcwd()) # D:\MyCode2\py-1\ssh
python函数返回多个参数
def get_strs() -> (str, str): return "hello", "word" if __name__ == '__main__': # 返回值为元祖的形式 print(get_strs()) # ('hello', 'word') # 获取元祖的个数 print(len(get_strs())) # 2 # 通过下标获取元祖的某一个值 print(get_strs().__getitem__(1)) # word # 通过元祖的某个元素定位对应的下标 print(get_strs().index("hello")) # 0
with … as …使用
为了更好地避免此类问题,不同的编程语言都引入了不同的机制。在 Python 中,对应的解决方式是使用 with as 语句操作上下文管理器(context manager),它能够帮助我们自动分配并且释放资源。简单的理解,同时包含 enter() 和 exit() 方法的对象就是上下文管理器。
格式:
with 表达式 [as target]: 代码块
学习参考
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