C++ shared_ptr weak_ptr
vaughn.huang 人气:0shared_ptr
shared_ptr 是一个标准的共享所有权的智能指针,允许多个指针指向同一个对象,定义在 memory 文件中,命名空间为 std。shared_ptr最初实现于Boost库中,后由 C++11 引入到 C++ STL。shared_ptr 利用引用计数的方式实现了对所管理的对象的所有权的分享,即允许多个 shared_ptr 共同管理同一个对象。
std::shared_ptr<int> sp1 = new int(); // shared count = 1, weak count = 0 std::shared_ptr<int> sp2(sp1); // shared count = 2, weak count = 0 std::shared_ptr<int> sp3 = sp2; // shared count = 3, weak count = 0 std::weak_ptr<int> wp1(sp1); // shared count = 3, weak count = 1 std::weak_ptr<int> wp2(wp1); // shared count = 3, weak count = 2 std::weak_ptr<int> wp3 = wp2; // shared count = 3, weak count = 3
shared_ptr weak_ptr 使用 reset 或者指向另一个 managed object导致 shared count或weak count相应的减一。
1.类继承中使用shared_ptr
class Base {}; class Derived : public Base {}; ...... shared_ptr<Derived> dp1(new Derived); shared_ptr<Base> bp1 = dp1; shared_ptr<Base> bp2(dp1); shared_ptr<Base> bp3(new Derived);
2.casting shared_ptr
shared_ptr<Base> base_ptr (new Base); shared_ptr<Derived> derived_ptr; // if static_cast<Derived *>(base_ptr.get()) is valid, then the following is valid: derived_ptr = static_pointer_cast<Derived>(base_ptr);
3.make_shared
使用shared_ptr = new int(),会导致两次内存分配:int对象的内存分配跟shared_ptr内部的 manager object 一次内存分配。make_shared 对此进行了优化,一次性分配 int + manager object 内存空间大小。
make_shared 用法:
shared_ptr<Thing> p (make_shared<Thing>(42, "I'm a Thing!")); shared_ptr<Base> bp(make_shared<Derived1>()); // shared_ptr中的 template参数与make_shared中的tmeplate参数可以不一样(继承关系)
使用 weak_ptr
void do_it(weak_ptr<Thing> wp){ shared_ptr<Thing> sp = wp.lock(); // get shared_ptr from weak_ptr if(sp) sp->defrangulate(); // tell the Thing to do something else cout << "The Thing is gone!" << endl; }
也可以直接从weak_ptr构建shared_ptr,这个时间如果weak_ptr过期(通过 weak_ptr::expired() 可以查询),则抛出异常:
void do_it(weak_ptr<Thing> wp){ shared_ptr<Thing> sp(wp); // construct shared_ptr from weak_ptr // exception thrown if wp is expired, so if here, sp is good to go sp->defrangulate(); // tell the Thing to do something }
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