Rust命令行
归海十八刀 人气:0一、功能:
1、输入要查询的字符串
和文件名
,输出所有匹配的行的内容
2、如果设置环境变量IGNORE_CASE
,则grep匹配将忽略大小写
3、可使用 >
符号来重定向标准输出到指定文件中
二、介绍
2.1 使用到的知识:
- 读取命令行参数
- 读取文件内容
- 错误处理
- Test Driven Development(TDD)
- 使用环境变量控制不同行为
2.2 代码
1、main.rs
use std::env; use std::process; use minigrep::Config; fn main() { // let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect(); // let query = &args[1]; // let filename = &args[2]; // let content = fs::read_to_string(filename).expect("You have a problem in read a file"); // println!("Filename: {}", filename); // println!("File content:\n{}", content); //refactoring after let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect(); // let config = Config::new(&args); let config = Config::new(&args).unwrap_or_else(|err| { eprintln!("Problem parse arguments: {}", err); process::exit(1); }); println!("query: {}, filename: {}", config.query, config.filename); if let Err(e) = minigrep::run(config) { eprintln!("Application Error: {}", e); process::exit(1); } }
2、lib.rs
use std::error::Error; use std::fs; use std::env; pub struct Config { pub query: String, pub filename: String, pub ignore_case: bool, } impl Config { // fn new(args: &[String]) -> Config { // let query = args[1].clone(); // let filename = args[2].clone(); // Config {query, filename} // } pub fn new(args: &[String]) -> Result<Config, &'static str> { if args.len() < 3 { return Err("No enough arguments"); } let query = args[1].clone(); let filename = args[2].clone(); let ignore_case = env::var("IGNORE_CASE").is_ok(); Ok(Config{query, filename, ignore_case}) } } pub fn run(config: Config) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> { let content = fs::read_to_string(config.filename)?; // println!("With text:\n{}", content); let result = if config.ignore_case { search_case_insensitive(&config.query, &content) } else { search(&config.query, &content) }; for line in result { println!("{}", line); } Ok(()) } pub fn search<'a>(query: &str, content: &'a str) -> Vec<&'a str> { let mut result = Vec::new(); for line in content.lines() { if line.contains(query) { result.push(line); } } result } pub fn search_case_insensitive<'a>(query: &str, content: &'a str) -> Vec<&'a str> { let mut result = Vec::new(); let query = query.to_lowercase(); for line in content.lines() { if line.to_lowercase().contains(&query) { result.push(line); } } result } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn one_result() { let query = "xwp"; let content = "\ Hello,rust! xwp is handsome You know!"; assert_eq!(vec!["xwp is handsome"], search(query, content)); } #[test] fn case_insensitive() { let query = "xWp"; let content = "\ Hello,rust! xwp is handsome You KonW"; assert_eq!(vec!["xwp is handsome"], search_case_insensitive(query, content)); } }
三、使用
- 需要输入两个参数,第一个是query,第二个是filename,如果参数少于两个会报错。
- 如:
cargo run xwp xwphs.txt
,xwp是要查询的内容,xwphs.txt是文件。 - minigrep默认是大小写敏感的,可通过设置
IGNORE_CASE
环境变量,使得查询忽略大小写。
在powershell中设置临时环境变量如:$Env:IGNORE_CASE=1
,解除:Remove-Item Env:IGNORE_CASE
;在shell中直接:将IGNORE_CASE=1放在最开始
参数不足时,提示Problem parse arguments: No enough argumentss
设置环境变量后,不区分大小写,查询到了信息
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