Android11文件读写权限申请
有点料 人气:0Android11 读写权限申请
Android11系统对应用写入权限做了严格的限制。本文介绍如何获取文件读写权限。项目中 build.gradle 的targetSdkVersion >= 29 ,会出现读写问题。
当targetSdkVersion = 29,通过设置requestLegacyExternalStorage=“true”,还能解决。
当targetSdkVersion = 30后,需要申请所有文件权限才能获取到写入权限。
AndroidManifest添加权限设置
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" /><!--add 2022-2-11 Android11--> <application ... android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" ... >
代码申请动态权限
1.Android 6.0之上Android11以下申请权限
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {// 6.0 String[] perms = { Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE}; for (String p : perms) { int f = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(SafeKeyToolActivity.this, p); Log.d("---", String.format("%s - %d", p, f)); if (f != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { requestPermissions(perms, 0XCF); break; } } }
Android11申请权限
跳转系统设置界面,用户授权获取权限。
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R && !isRefuse) {// android 11 且 不是已经被拒绝 // 先判断有没有权限 if (!Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); startActivityForResult(intent, 1024); } } // 带回授权结果 @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == 1024 && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) { // 检查是否有权限 if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) { isRefuse = false; // 授权成功 } else { isRefuse = true; // 授权失败 } } }
对于部分手机如小米手机,即使获取了所有文件的管理权限,依旧访问不到Android/data目录,如图:
尝试解决办法:
只在外部存储的应用私有目录下,用直接路径读写文件。
访问或者共享媒体文件,使用MediaStore在公共目录下读写文件
访问或者共享非媒体文件,使用系统的文件选择器SAF在公共目录Download下读写文件。
根目录下可以创建自定义文件夹、文件。
补充:Android 11 及以上申请外部存储权限
升级 targetSdkVersion
android defaultConfig { targetSdkVersion 30 } }
添加清单权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
代码动态申请
public final class PermissionActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1024; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestPermission(); } private void requestPermission() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) { // 先判断有没有权限 if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) { writeFile(); } else { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + context.getPackageName())); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE); } } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { // 先判断有没有权限 if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { writeFile(); } else { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_CODE); } } else { writeFile(); } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { writeFile(); } else { ToastUtils.show("存储权限获取失败"); } } } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) { if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) { writeFile(); } else { ToastUtils.show("存储权限获取失败"); } } } /** * 模拟文件写入 */ private void writeFile() { ToastUtils.show("写入文件成功"); } }
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