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vue实现动态路由

lyanghx 人气:0

1、什么是动态路由?

动态路由,动态即不是写死的,是可变的。我们可以根据自己不同的需求加载不同的路由,做到不同的实现及页面的渲染。动态的路由存储可分为两种,一种是将路由存储到前端。另一种则是将路由存储到数据库。动态路由的使用一般结合角色权限控制一起使用。

总结:

     1)路由可变,不是写死的,动态加载

     2)存储分两种:存前端,存数据库

2、动态路由的好处

使用动态路由可以跟灵活,无需手工维护,我们可以使用一个页面对路由进行维护。如果将路由存储到数据库,还可以增加安全性。

总结:

     1)灵活,无需手工维护

     2)增加安全性

3、动态路由如何实现

在此以路由存储在数据库为例

流程:一般我们在登录的时候,根据登录用户的角色返回此角色可以访问的页面的路由,前端将路由存储到vuex(vuex存储的数据必须可持久的,不要一刷新页面就不见),我们在路由前置守卫处动态添加拿到的路由,对页面进行渲染。

1)此为我的router目录,index.js对路由添加,守卫拦截等处理。static-route.js为前端定义的静态路由,不需要动态加载的,如登陆页面,忘记密码页面,404页面等。

index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import $cookies from 'vue-cookies'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import store from '../store'​
import staticRoute from './static-route.js'​​​
Vue.use(VueRouter)​​
const router = new VueRouter({
	mode: 'history',
	base: process.env.BASE_URL,
	routes: staticRoute //staticRoute为静态路由,不需动态添加
})​
let isToken = true
router.beforeEach(async (to, from, next) => {
	//定义isToken为true和vuex不为空时添加路由
	if (isToken && store.state.routers.routers.length != 0) {
		//从vuex中获取动态路由
		const accessRouteses = await store.state.routers.routers;
		//动态路由循环解析和添加
		accessRouteses.forEach(v => {
			v.children = routerChildren(v.children);
			v.component = routerCom(v.component);
			router.addRoute(v); //添加
		})
		isToken = false //将isToken赋为 false ,否则会一直循环,崩溃
		next({
			...to, // next({ ...to })的目的,是保证路由添加完了再进入页面 (可以理解为重进一次)
			replace: true, // 重进一次, 不保留重复历史
		})​
	} else {
		if (to.name == null) {
			next("/404")
		} else {
			if (to.meta.title) { //判断是否有标题
				document.title = to.meta.title //给相应页面添加标题
			}
			next()
		}​
	}​
})​
function routerCom(path) { //对路由的component解析
	return (resolve) => require([`@/views/${path}`], resolve);
}​
function routerChildren(children) { //对子路由的component解析
	children.forEach(v => {
		v.component = routerCom(v.component);
		if (v.children != undefined) {
			v.children = routerChildren(v.children)
		}
	})
	return children
}​​
export default router​

2)登陆成功后将获取到的动态路由存储到vuex

vuex—>index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//数据持久化
import createPersistedState from "vuex-persistedstate";
​
Vue.use(Vuex)
const routers = {
  namespaced: true,
  state: () => ({
    routers:"",
  }),
  mutations: {
    routers(state, newsdata) {
      state.routers = newsdata
    },
​
  },
  actions: {
    routers(context) {
      context.commit('routers')
    },
  },
  getters: {
    routers(state) {
      console.log("getters", state)
      return state.routers
    },
    
  }
}
​
​
const store = new Vuex.Store({
  modules: {
    routers: routers,
  },
  
  // 数据持久化
  plugins: [createPersistedState({
    //key是存储数据的键名
    key: 'routersData',
    //paths是存储state中的那些数据,如果是模块下具体的数据需要加上模块名称,如user.token  
    paths: ["routers.routers"]
  })]
})
​
​
export default store

我的动态路由模板

//动态路由
const dynamicRoute = [{
  "path": "/main",
  "name": "main",
  "redirect": "/main/index",
  "component": "main/main.vue",
  "children": [{
      "path": "index",
      "name": "index",
      "component": "index/index.vue",
      "meta": {
        "name": "index",
        "title": "首页",
        "icon": "el-icon-location",
        "menu":true //true为菜单栏
      }
    },
    {
      "path": "Configuration",
      "name": "Configuration",
      "redirect": "Configuration/route",
      "component": "Configuration/index.vue",
      "roles": ['developer', "admin"], //  developer、admin角色的用户才能访问该页面
      "meta": {
        "title": "配置",
        "icon": "el-icon-location",
        "menu":true
      },
      "children": [{
          "path": "route",
          "name": "route",
          "component": "Configuration/route/index.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "菜单",
            "icon": "",
            "menu":true
          },
        }, {
          "path": "user",
          "name": "user",
          "component": "Configuration/user/index.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "用户管理",
            "icon": "el-icon-location",
            "menu":true
          },
        },
        {
          "path": "admin",
          "name": "admin",
          "component": "Configuration/admin/index.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "管理员管理",
            "icon": "",
            "menu":true
          },
        },
        
        {
          "path": "userEdit",
          "name": "userEdit",
          "component": "Configuration/user/user-Edit.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "编辑用户",
            "icon": "",
            "menu":false
          },
        },  
      ]
    },
    {
      "path": "check",
      "name": "check",
      "redirect": "check/user",
      "component": "check/index.vue",
      "roles": ['developer', "admin", "check"], //  developer、admin角色的用户才能访问该页面
      "meta": {
        "title": "审核",
        "icon": "el-icon-location",
        "menu":true
      },
      "children": [{
          "path": "user",
          "name": "checkUser",
          "component": "check/check-user/index.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "用户实名审核",
            "icon": "el-icon-location",
            "menu":true
          }
        },
        {
          "path": "enterprise",
          "name": "checkEnterprise",
          "component": "check/check-enterprise/index.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "企业认证审核",
            "icon": "el-icon-location",
            "menu":true
          },
        },
        {
          "path": "checkNormImage",
          "name": "checkNormImage",
          "component": "check/check-norm-image/index.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "标准照认证审核",
            "icon": "el-icon-location",
            "menu":true
          },
        },
        {
          "path": "checkHiringJobs",
          "name": "checkHiringJobs",
          "component": "check/check-hiring-Jobs/index.vue",
          "meta": {
            "title": "求职、招聘认证审核",
            "icon": "el-icon-location",
            "menu":true
          },
        }
      ]
​
    }
  ]
}, ]
export default dynamicRoute

路由管理界面(可能有不完善的地方)

讲一讲遇到的坑及注意点

1)“component”: “check/check-norm-image/index.vue”, 用字符串再在解析,不要像静态路由一样。否则第一次进去可以,刷新就变空白

2)此处为重要的一点,直接用next()不行

next({
      ...to, // next({ ...to })的目的,是保证路由添加完了再进入页面 (可以理解为重进一次)
      replace: true, // 重进一次, 不保留重复历史
    })

3)由于添加完路由还会重复执行一遍路由守卫,所有必须确保不要一直死循环添加路由。否则直接崩溃。这里我用的是isToken变量确保不循环。

总结

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