ASP.NET构建Restful API
農碼一生 人气:0一、前言
RESTful API 是基于HTTP协议产生的一种相对简单的API设计方案;
RESTful 的核心是 everything is a “resource”,所有的HTTP action,都应该是相应resource上可以被操作和处理的,而API 就是对资源的管理操作,而这个具体操作是由 HTTP action 指定的。
使用HTTP的GET、POST、DELETE、PUT来表示对于资源的增删改查。
- GET:读取(Read)
- POST:新建(Create)
- PUT:更新(Update)
- DELETE:删除(Delete)
学习资料准备:
(1)用于测试的实体类:
public class Student { public string StuNo { get; set; } //学号 public string StuName { get; set; } //姓名 public string StuSex { get; set; } //性别 }
(2)模拟的测试数据(编写在webapi类的构造函数中):
public static List<Student> StuList { get; set; } public ServerController() { StuList = new List<Student>(); StuList.Add(new Student { StuNo = "001", StuName = "孙悟空", StuSex = "男" }); StuList.Add(new Student { StuNo = "002", StuName = "猪八戒", StuSex = "男" }); StuList.Add(new Student { StuNo = "003", StuName = "白骨精", StuSex = "女" }); }
二、获取所有数据
API接口:
[HttpGet] public List<Student> GetList([FromBody]dynamic obj) { return StuList; }
三、获取详情
API接口:
[HttpGet] public Student GetDetail(string id) { Student stu = StuList.SingleOrDefault(p => p.StuNo.Equals(id)); return stu; }
四、新增数据
API接口:
[HttpPost] public IHttpActionResult Add([FromBody] Student stu) { StuList.Add(stu); return Json(new { msg = "添加成功!",data=StuList }); }
五、修改数据
API接口:
[HttpPut] public IHttpActionResult Update(string id, [FromBody] Student stu) { Student model = StuList.SingleOrDefault(p => p.StuNo.Equals(id)); if (model == null) return Json(new { msg = "修改的数据不存在!" }); model.StuNo = stu.StuNo; model.StuName = stu.StuName; model.StuSex = stu.StuSex; return Json(new { msg = "修改成功!", data = model }); }
六、删除数据
API接口:
[HttpDelete] public IHttpActionResult Delete(string id) { Student model = StuList.SingleOrDefault(p => p.StuNo.Equals(id)); if (model == null) return Json(new { msg = "删除的数据不存在!" }); StuList.Remove(model); return Json(new { msg = "删除成功!", data = StuList }); }
七、特性路由
(1) 基本路由映射
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Basic")] public IHttpActionResult GetBasic() { return Json(new { msg = "测试基本的特性路由!" }); }
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Basic
(2) 路由映射参数
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Param/{id}/{name}")] public IHttpActionResult Get2(string id,string name) { return Json(new { msg = "测试路由映射参数!",data = new { id= id,name=name } }); }
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Param/001/孙悟空
(3) 多重特性路由
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Multiple1/{id}/{name}")] [Route("api/Route/Multiple2/{id}/{name}")] public IHttpActionResult Get3(string id,string name) { return Json(new { msg = "测试多重特性路由!",data = new { id= id,name=name } }); }
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Multiple1/001/孙悟空
或
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Multiple2/001/孙悟空
(4) 缺省参数路由
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Default/{id}/{name?}")] public IHttpActionResult Get4(string id, string name="孙悟空") { return Json(new { msg = "测试缺省参数路由!", data = new { id = id, name = name } }); }
或
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Default/{id}/{name=孙悟空}")] public IHttpActionResult Get4(string id, string name) { return Json(new { msg = "测试缺省参数路由!", data = new { id = id, name = name } }); }
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Default/001
(5) 参数约束路由
ASP.NET Web API内置约束有下面这些:
{x:alpha} 约束大小写英文字母 {x:bool} {x:datetime} {x:decimal} {x:double} {x:float} {x:guid} {x:int} {x:length(6)} {x:length(1,20)} 约束长度范围 {x:long} {x:maxlength(10)} {x:min(10)} {x:range(10,50)} //约束值的范围 {x:regex(正则表达式)}
可以设置多个约束:
[Route("api/Route/orders/{id:int:min(1)}")]
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Check/{id:range(1,100)}/{name}")] public IHttpActionResult Get5(int id, string name) { return Json(new { msg = "测试参数约束路由!", data = new { id = id, name = name } }); }
接口访问地址:(以下地址可以正常访问接口)
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Check/11/孙悟空
接口访问地址:(以下地址无法访问接口)
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Check/101/孙悟空
(6) 通配符(*)路由变量
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Date/{id:range(1,100)}/{name}/{*birthday}")] public IHttpActionResult Get6(int id, string name,DateTime birthday) { return Json(new { msg = "*使用!", data = new { id = id, name = name,birthday = birthday.ToString("yyyy年MM月dd日") } }); }
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Date/1/jack/1988-8-8
接口访问地址:(此地址如果在路由中没有*则无法访问,因为程序会认为“1988/8/8”是三个参数,而不是一个参数)
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Date/1/jack/1988/8/8
(7) 路由映射复杂参数
给实体类添加特性使其支持绑定:
[ModelBinder] public class Student { public string StuNo { get; set; } //学号 public string StuName { get; set; } //姓名 public string StuSex { get; set; } //性别 }
方案一API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Class/{stu.StuNo}/{stu.StuName}/{stu.StuSex}")] public IHttpActionResult Get7(Student stu) { return Json(new { msg = "路由映射复杂参数!", data = stu }); }
方案一接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Class/001/jack/man
方案二API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Route/Class")] public IHttpActionResult Get7(Student stu) { return Json(new { msg = "路由映射复杂参数!", data = stu }); }
方案二接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Route/Class?stu.StuNo=001&stu.StuName=jack&stu.StuSex=man
(8) 路由前缀
在控制器类上定义路由前缀:
[RoutePrefix("api/Prefix")] public class PrefixController : ApiController { }
路由前缀API接口:
[Route("Basic")] public IHttpActionResult Get1() { return Json(new { msg = "测试路由前缀!" }); }
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Prefix/Basic
取消路由前缀API接口:
[Route("~/api/Cancel/Basic")] //通过~/取消路由前缀 public IHttpActionResult Get2() { return Json(new { msg = "取消路由前缀!" }); }
接口访问地址:
http://localhost:60650/api/Cancel/Basic
到此这篇关于使用ASP.NET Web API构建Restful API的文章就介绍到这了。希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。
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