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python写api接口

说笑谈古松 人气:0

一、操作步骤

  1. 导入:import flask,json
  2. 实例化:api = flask.Flask(name)
  3. 定义接口访问路径及访问方式:@api.route(’/index’,methods=[‘get/post/PUT/DELETE’])
  4. 定义函数,注意需与路径的名称一致,设置返回类型并支持中文:def index(): return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
  5. 三种格式入参访问接口:
    5.1 url格式入参:flask.request.args.get(‘id’)
    5.2 form-data格式入参:pwd = flask.request.values.get(‘pwd’)
    5.3 josn格式入参:pwd = flask.request.json.get(‘pwd’)
  6. 启动服务:api.run(port=8888,debug=True,host=‘127.0.0.1’),开启服务之后,就可以通过ip+端口+路径+入参访问接口

二、源码举例

#!/usr/bin/python3
# encoding:utf-8
import flask,json
# 实例化api,把当前这个python文件当作一个服务,__name__代表当前这个python文件
api = flask.Flask(__name__) 
 
# 'index'是接口路径,methods不写,默认get请求     
@api.route('/index',methods=['get']) 
# get方式访问
def index():
  ren = {'msg':'成功访问首页','msg_code':200}
  #json.dumps 序列化时对中文默认使用的ascii编码.想输出中文需要指定ensure_ascii=False
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
#post入参访问方式一:url格式参数
@api.route('/article',methods=['post']) 
def article():
  #url格式参数?id=12589&name='lishi'
  id = flask.request.args.get('id')
   
  if id:
    if id == '12589':
      ren = {'msg':'成功访问文章','msg_code':200}
    else:
      ren = {'msg':'找不到文章','msg_code':400}
  else:
    ren = {'msg':'请输入文章id参数','msg_code':-1}
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
#post入参访问方式二:from-data(k-v)格式参数
@api.route('/login',methods=['post'])
def login():
  #from-data格式参数
  usrname = flask.request.values.get('usrname')
  pwd = flask.request.values.get('pwd')
   
  if usrname and pwd:
    if usrname =='test' and pwd =='123456':
      ren = {'msg':'登录成功','msg_code':200}
    else:
      ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码错误','msg_code':-1}
  else:
    ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码为空','msg_code':1001}
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
#post入参访问方式二:josn格式参数  
@api.route('/loginjosn',methods=['post'])
def loginjosn():
  #from-data格式参数
  usrname = flask.request.json.get('usrname')
  pwd = flask.request.json.get('pwd')
   
  if usrname and pwd:
    if usrname =='test' and pwd =='123456':
      ren = {'msg':'登录成功','msg_code':200}
    else:
      ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码错误','msg_code':-1}
  else:
    ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码为空','msg_code':1001}
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  api.run(port=8888,debug=True,host='127.0.0.1') # 启动服务
  # debug=True,改了代码后,不用重启,它会自动重启
  # 'host='127.0.0.1'别IP访问地址

运行结果:

 * Serving Flask app 'monitor' (lazy loading)
 * Environment: production
   WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
   Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Debug mode: on
 * Restarting with stat
 * Debugger is active!
 * Debugger PIN: 991-833-116
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:8888/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
127.0.0.1 - - [16/Jan/2022 14:05:53] "POST /login?usrname=test&pwd=123456 HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [16/Jan/2022 14:08:34] "GET /index HTTP/1.1" 200 -

请求方式:

使用postman测试接口是否可行

如:

url:127.0.0.1:8888/login

参数:usrname=test;pwd=123456

获取请求参数的几种方法:

flask.request.form.get("key", type=str, default=None) 获取表单数据,
flask.request.args.get("key") 获取get请求参数,
flask.request.values.get("key") 获取所有参数。

总结

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