PHP时间处理类Carbon
人气:01.String Formatting
所有类似 toXXXString() 这样的方法都依赖于DateTime::format()。__toString() 方法允许 Carbon 实例被打印时以一种可读性更好的方式被打印出来。
$dt = Carbon::create(1975, 12, 25, 14, 15, 16); var_dump($dt->toDateTimeString() == $dt); // bool(true) => uses __toString() echo $dt->toDateString(); // 1975-12-25 echo $dt->toFormattedDateString(); // Dec 25, 1975 echo $dt->toTimeString(); // 14:15:16 echo $dt->toDateTimeString(); // 1975-12-25 14:15:16 echo $dt->toDayDateTimeString(); // Thu, Dec 25, 1975 2:15 PM // ... of course format() is still available echo $dt->format('l jS \\of F Y h:i:s A'); // Thursday 25th of December 1975 02:15:16 PM
另外可以默认设置 __toString() 方法所要显示的时间日期格式。
Carbon::setToStringFormat('jS \o\f F, Y g:i:s a'); echo $dt; // 25th of December, 1975 2:15:16 pm Carbon::resetToStringFormat(); echo $dt; // 1975-12-25 14:15:16
如果需要设定特定的语言显示,请参考 Localization 部分。
2.Common Formats
下面是对 DateTime 类提供的通用格式的一些封装。
$dt = Carbon::now(); // $dt->toAtomString() is the same as $dt->format(DateTime::ATOM); echo $dt->toAtomString(); // 1975-12-25T14:15:16-05:00 echo $dt->toCookieString(); // Thursday, 25-Dec-1975 14:15:16 EST echo $dt->toIso8601String(); // 1975-12-25T14:15:16-0500 echo $dt->toRfc822String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 75 14:15:16 -0500 echo $dt->toRfc850String(); // Thursday, 25-Dec-75 14:15:16 EST echo $dt->toRfc1036String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 75 14:15:16 -0500 echo $dt->toRfc1123String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 1975 14:15:16 -0500 echo $dt->toRfc2822String(); // Thu, 25 Dec 1975 14:15:16 -0500 echo $dt->toRfc3339String(); // 1975-12-25T14:15:16-05:00 echo $dt->toRssString(); // Thu, 25 Dec 1975 14:15:16 -0500 echo $dt->toW3cString(); // 1975-12-25T14:15:16-05:00
3.Comparison
通过以下方式可以对两个 Carbon 实例进行简单的比较。牢记这些比较都是在UTC时区下完成的。
echo Carbon::now()->tzName; // America/Toronto $first = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 23, 26, 11); $second = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 20, 26, 11, 'America/Vancouver'); echo $first->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-09-05 23:26:11 echo $first->tzName; // America/Toronto echo $second->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-09-05 20:26:11 echo $second->tzName; // America/Vancouver var_dump($first->eq($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->ne($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->gt($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->gte($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->lt($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->lte($second)); // bool(true) $first->setDateTime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); $second->setDateTime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); // Remember tz is 'America/Vancouver' var_dump($first->eq($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->ne($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->gt($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->gte($second)); // bool(false) var_dump($first->lt($second)); // bool(true) var_dump($first->lte($second)); // bool(true)
如果要判断当前实例对应的时间,是否在其他两个实例对应的时间之间,可以用 between() 方法。如果提供了第三个参数,并且为 true,将会进行 >= 和 <= 的操作。如果为 false,会进行 > 和 < 的操作。该参数默认是 true 。
$first = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 1); $second = Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5); var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 3)->between($first, $second)); // bool(true) var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5)->between($first, $second)); // bool(true) var_dump(Carbon::create(2012, 9, 5, 5)->between($first, $second, false)); // bool(false)
还记得 min() 和 max() 吗?min() 将会返回两个实例中时间较早的实例,max() 返回时间较晚的那个。如果没有提供给 min() 或 max() 任何参数,将会拿当前时间和调用该方法的实例进行比较。
$dt1 = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); $dt2 = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 30, 0, 0, 0); echo $dt1->min($dt2); // 2012-01-01 00:00:00 $dt1 = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); $dt2 = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 30, 0, 0, 0); echo $dt1->max($dt2); // 2014-01-30 00:00:00 // now is the default param $dt1 = Carbon::create(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); echo $dt1->max(); // 2016-06-24 15:18:34
Carbon 提供了一些见名知意的辅助方法去处理大部分用到的场景。需要执行比较操作的方法都会与当前时区的当前时间进行比较。
$dt = Carbon::now(); $dt->isWeekday(); $dt->isWeekend(); $dt->isYesterday(); $dt->isToday(); $dt->isTomorrow(); $dt->isFuture(); $dt->isPast(); $dt->isLeapYear(); $dt->isSameDay(Carbon::now()); $born = Carbon::createFromDate(1987, 4, 23); $noCake = Carbon::createFromDate(2014, 9, 26); $yesCake = Carbon::createFromDate(2014, 4, 23); $overTheHill = Carbon::now()->subYears(50); var_dump($born->isBirthday($noCake)); // bool(false) var_dump($born->isBirthday($yesCake)); // bool(true) var_dump($overTheHill->isBirthday()); // bool(true) -> default compare it to today!
4.Addition and Subtraction
默认的DateTime类提供了一对方便增加和减少时间的方法。有 modify(),add() 和 sub() 。modify() 方法接受一个标准的 data/time 字符串,该方法会对字符串进行解析,当牵扯到 add() 和 sub() 时会隐式调用DateInterval类进行处理。用链式调用的方式进行操作,代码将会更加的清晰和易读。当然,由于继承关系这并不会影响你使用底层的方法进行操作。
$dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 0); echo $dt->toDateTimeString(); // 2012-01-31 00:00:00 echo $dt->addYears(5); // 2017-01-31 00:00:00 echo $dt->addYear(); // 2018-01-31 00:00:00 echo $dt->subYear(); // 2017-01-31 00:00:00 echo $dt->subYears(5); // 2012-01-31 00:00:00 echo $dt->addMonths(60); // 2017-01-31 00:00:00 echo $dt->addMonth(); // 2017-03-03 00:00:00 equivalent of $dt->month($dt->month + 1); so it wraps echo $dt->subMonth(); // 2017-02-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->subMonths(60); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->addDays(29); // 2012-03-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->addDay(); // 2012-03-04 00:00:00 echo $dt->subDay(); // 2012-03-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->subDays(29); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->addWeekdays(4); // 2012-02-09 00:00:00 echo $dt->addWeekday(); // 2012-02-10 00:00:00 echo $dt->subWeekday(); // 2012-02-09 00:00:00 echo $dt->subWeekdays(4); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->addWeeks(3); // 2012-02-24 00:00:00 echo $dt->addWeek(); // 2012-03-02 00:00:00 echo $dt->subWeek(); // 2012-02-24 00:00:00 echo $dt->subWeeks(3); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->addHours(24); // 2012-02-04 00:00:00 echo $dt->addHour(); // 2012-02-04 01:00:00 echo $dt->subHour(); // 2012-02-04 00:00:00 echo $dt->subHours(24); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->addMinutes(61); // 2012-02-03 01:01:00 echo $dt->addMinute(); // 2012-02-03 01:02:00 echo $dt->subMinute(); // 2012-02-03 01:01:00 echo $dt->subMinutes(61); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00 echo $dt->addSeconds(61); // 2012-02-03 00:01:01 echo $dt->addSecond(); // 2012-02-03 00:01:02 echo $dt->subSecond(); // 2012-02-03 00:01:01 echo $dt->subSeconds(61); // 2012-02-03 00:00:00
当然你也可以传递负值到addXXX()方法,实际这正是subXXX()方法所实现的功能。
5.Difference
以下方法总是返回两个实例之间的时间差。与基类中的 diff() 方法不同的是,diff() 方法会通过DateInterval实例将61秒转化成1分1秒来返回。下边的这些方法第一个参数是将会用来比较的 Carbon 实例,默认为 now() 方法创建的当前时间实例。第二个参数也是可选的,指明了你是否需要返回一个比较结果的绝对值,默认为 true,当第二个参数为 false,并且用于比较的实例时间早于被比较的实例时,返回负数。所有的比较操作都在UTC时区下完成。
// Carbon::diffInYears(Carbon $dt = null, $abs = true) echo Carbon::now('America/Vancouver')->diffInSeconds(Carbon::now('Europe/London')); // 0 $dtOttawa = Carbon::createFromDate(2000, 1, 1, 'America/Toronto'); $dtVancouver = Carbon::createFromDate(2000, 1, 1, 'America/Vancouver'); echo $dtOttawa->diffInHours($dtVancouver); // 3 echo $dtOttawa->diffInHours($dtVancouver, false); // 3 echo $dtVancouver->diffInHours($dtOttawa, false); // -3 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 0); echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->addMonth()); // 31 echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->subMonth(), false); // -31 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 4, 30, 0); echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->addMonth()); // 30 echo $dt->diffInDays($dt->copy()->addWeek()); // 7 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 0); echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(59)); // 0 echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(60)); // 1 echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(119)); // 1 echo $dt->diffInMinutes($dt->copy()->addSeconds(120)); // 2 echo $dt->addSeconds(120)->secondsSinceMidnight(); // 120
一些特殊的过滤方法,像 diffInDaysFiltered() 、diffInHoursFiltered() 和 diffFiltered() ,可以帮助你过滤时间差中的 days 、hour 或者一个自定义的时间间隔。下边是统计两个实例之间的周末天数。
$dt = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 1); $dt2 = Carbon::create(2014, 12, 31); $daysForExtraCoding = $dt->diffInDaysFiltered(function(Carbon $date) { return $date->isWeekend(); }, $dt2); echo $daysForExtraCoding; // 104 $dt = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 1)->startOfDay(); $dt2 = $dt->copy()->endOfDay(); $littleHandRotations = $dt->diffFiltered(CarbonInterval::minute(), function(Carbon $date) { return $date->minute === 0; }, $dt2); echo $littleHandRotations; // 24 // others that are defined // diffInYears(), diffInMonths(), diffInWeeks() // diffInDays(), diffInWeekdays(), diffInWeekendDays() // diffInHours(), diffInMinutes(), diffInSeconds() // secondsSinceMidnight(), secondsUntilEndOfDay()
6.Difference for Humans
对于人们来说,一月前比30天前更加易与理解。这是一个常见的方法在许多日期处理类库中,所以他想也应该把这个加进来。这里把一个月看做四周,这些方法需要一个可选的 Carbon 实例作为参数来进行比较,默认为当前时间的实例。
这些方法会在两个时间差值后增加一写描述,可能类似下边这四种:
When comparing a value in the past to default now:
- 1 hour ago
- 5 months ago
When comparing a value in the future to default now:
- 1 hour from now
- 5 months from now
When comparing a value in the past to another value:
- 1 hour before
- 5 months before
When comparing a value in the future to another value:
- 1 hour after
- 5 months after
你也可以传递第二个参数去掉类似 ago,from now 这种修饰符,类似这样的用法 diffForHumans(Carbon $other, true) 等。
// The most typical usage is for comments // The instance is the date the comment was created and its being compared to default now() echo Carbon::now()->subDays(5)->diffForHumans(); // 5 days ago echo Carbon::now()->diffForHumans(Carbon::now()->subYear()); // 1 year after $dt = Carbon::createFromDate(2011, 8, 1); echo $dt->diffForHumans($dt->copy()->addMonth()); // 1 month before echo $dt->diffForHumans($dt->copy()->subMonth()); // 1 month after echo Carbon::now()->addSeconds(5)->diffForHumans(); // 5 seconds from now echo Carbon::now()->subDays(24)->diffForHumans(); // 3 weeks ago echo Carbon::now()->subDays(24)->diffForHumans(null, true); // 3 weeks
你也通过在 diffForHumans() 被调用前,使用 Carbon::setLocale(‘fr’) 来改变语言设置。详细请参考 localization 部分。
7.Modifiers
Carbon argument.这些方法组对修改当前实例很有帮助。你会注意到 startOfXXX(),next(),和 previous() 方法将会设置时间为 00:00:00,另外 endOfXXX() 方法将会设置时间为 23:59:59 。
$dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->startOfDay(); // 2012-01-31 00:00:00 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->endOfDay(); // 2012-01-31 23:59:59 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->startOfMonth(); // 2012-01-01 00:00:00 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->endOfMonth(); // 2012-01-31 23:59:59 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->startOfYear(); // 2012-01-01 00:00:00 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->endOfYear(); // 2012-12-31 23:59:59 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->startOfDecade(); // 2010-01-01 00:00:00 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->endOfDecade(); // 2019-12-31 23:59:59 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->startOfCentury(); // 2000-01-01 00:00:00 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->endOfCentury(); // 2099-12-31 23:59:59 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->startOfWeek(); // 2012-01-30 00:00:00 var_dump($dt->dayOfWeek == Carbon::MONDAY); // bool(true) : ISO8601 week starts on Monday $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->endOfWeek(); // 2012-02-05 23:59:59 var_dump($dt->dayOfWeek == Carbon::SUNDAY); // bool(true) : ISO8601 week ends on Sunday $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->next(Carbon::WEDNESDAY); // 2012-02-01 00:00:00 var_dump($dt->dayOfWeek == Carbon::WEDNESDAY); // bool(true) $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->next(); // 2012-01-08 00:00:00 $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->previous(Carbon::WEDNESDAY); // 2012-01-25 00:00:00 var_dump($dt->dayOfWeek == Carbon::WEDNESDAY); // bool(true) $dt = Carbon::create(2012, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->previous(); // 2011-12-25 00:00:00 $start = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); $end = Carbon::create(2014, 1, 30, 0, 0, 0); echo $start->average($end); // 2014-01-15 12:00:00 // others that are defined that are similar // firstOfMonth(), lastOfMonth(), nthOfMonth() // firstOfQuarter(), lastOfQuarter(), nthOfQuarter() // firstOfYear(), lastOfYear(), nthOfYear()
8.Constants
Carbon 中定义了以下常量。
// These getters specifically return integers, ie intval() var_dump(Carbon::SUNDAY); // int(0) var_dump(Carbon::MONDAY); // int(1) var_dump(Carbon::TUESDAY); // int(2) var_dump(Carbon::WEDNESDAY); // int(3) var_dump(Carbon::THURSDAY); // int(4) var_dump(Carbon::FRIDAY); // int(5) var_dump(Carbon::SATURDAY); // int(6) var_dump(Carbon::YEARS_PER_CENTURY); // int(100) var_dump(Carbon::YEARS_PER_DECADE); // int(10) var_dump(Carbon::MONTHS_PER_YEAR); // int(12) var_dump(Carbon::WEEKS_PER_YEAR); // int(52) var_dump(Carbon::DAYS_PER_WEEK); // int(7) var_dump(Carbon::HOURS_PER_DAY); // int(24) var_dump(Carbon::MINUTES_PER_HOUR); // int(60) var_dump(Carbon::SECONDS_PER_MINUTE); // int(60)
还有
$dt = Carbon::createFromDate(2012, 10, 6); if ($dt->dayOfWeek === Carbon::SATURDAY) { echo 'Place bets on Ottawa Senators Winning!'; }
9.CarbonInterval
Carbon 类继承了PHP 的DateInterval类。
<?php class CarbonInterval extends \DateInterval { // code here }
你也可以通过一下方法创建一个实例。
echo CarbonInterval::year(); // 1 year echo CarbonInterval::months(3); // 3 months echo CarbonInterval::days(3)->seconds(32); // 3 days 32 seconds echo CarbonInterval::weeks(3); // 3 weeks echo CarbonInterval::days(23); // 3 weeks 2 days echo CarbonInterval::create(2, 0, 5, 1, 1, 2, 7); // 2 years 5 weeks 1 day 1 hour 2 minutes 7 seconds
如果你继承的 \DateInterval 实例来自其他类库,别怕,通过 instance() 这种友好的方式你手动可以创建一个 CarbonInterval 实例。
$di = new \DateInterval('P1Y2M'); // <== instance from another API $ci = CarbonInterval::instance($di); echo get_class($ci); // 'Carbon\CarbonInterval' echo $ci; // 1 year 2 months
其他的一些辅助方法,但要注意这些辅助方法处理周时,只有天会被保存下来。并且是在当前实例的总天数基础上计算周。
echo CarbonInterval::year()->years; // 1 echo CarbonInterval::year()->dayz; // 0 echo CarbonInterval::days(24)->dayz; // 24 echo CarbonInterval::days(24)->daysExcludeWeeks; // 3 echo CarbonInterval::weeks(3)->days(14)->weeks; // 2 <-- days setter overwrites the current value echo CarbonInterval::weeks(3)->weeks; // 3 echo CarbonInterval::minutes(3)->weeksAndDays(2, 5); // 2 weeks 5 days 3 minutes
也有一个方便的 forHumans(),在调用 __toString() 方法时,自动执行,并打印出可读性更好的时间格式。
CarbonInterval::setLocale('fr'); echo CarbonInterval::create(2, 1)->forHumans(); // 2 ans 1 mois echo CarbonInterval::hour()->seconds(3); // 1 heure 3 secondes CarbonInterval::setLocale('en');
当然,你可以通过 CarbonInterval::setLocale(‘fr’) 来改变语言显示。
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