python俄罗斯方块
NGC 2237号 人气:01. 案例介绍
俄罗斯方块是由 4 个小方块组成不同形状的板块,随机从屏幕上方落下,按方向键调整板块的位置和方向,在底部拼出完整的一行或几行。这些完整的横条会消失,给新落下来的板块腾出空间,并获得分数奖励。没有被消除掉的方块不断堆积,一旦堆到顶端,便告输,游戏结束。本例难度为高级,适合具有 Python 进阶和 Pygame 编程技巧的用户学习。
2. 设计要点
边框――由 15*25 个空格组成,方块就落在这里面。盒子――组成方块的其中小方块,是组成方块的基本单元。方块――从边框顶掉下的东西,游戏者可以翻转和改变位置。每个方块由 4 个盒子组成。形状――不同类型的方块。这里形状的名字被叫做 T, S, Z ,J, L, I , O。如下图所示:
模版――用一个列表存放形状被翻转后的所有可能样式。全部存放在变量里,变量名字如 S or J。着陆――当一个方块到达边框的底部或接触到在其他的盒子话,就说这个方块着陆了。那样的话,另一个方块就会开始下落。
3. 示例效果
4. 示例源码
import pygame import random import os pygame.init() GRID_WIDTH = 20 GRID_NUM_WIDTH = 15 GRID_NUM_HEIGHT = 25 WIDTH, HEIGHT = GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_HEIGHT SIDE_WIDTH = 200 SCREEN_WIDTH = WIDTH + SIDE_WIDTH WHITE = (0xff, 0xff, 0xff) BLACK = (0, 0, 0) LINE_COLOR = (0x33, 0x33, 0x33) CUBE_COLORS = [ (0xcc, 0x99, 0x99), (0xff, 0xff, 0x99), (0x66, 0x66, 0x99), (0x99, 0x00, 0x66), (0xff, 0xcc, 0x00), (0xcc, 0x00, 0x33), (0xff, 0x00, 0x33), (0x00, 0x66, 0x99), (0xff, 0xff, 0x33), (0x99, 0x00, 0x33), (0xcc, 0xff, 0x66), (0xff, 0x99, 0x00) ] screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块") clock = pygame.time.Clock() FPS = 30 score = 0 level = 1 screen_color_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)] # 设置游戏的根目录为当前文件夹 base_folder = os.path.dirname(__file__) def show_text(surf, text, size, x, y, color=WHITE): font_name = os.path.join(base_folder, 'font/font.ttc') font = pygame.font.Font(font_name, size) text_surface = font.render(text, True, color) text_rect = text_surface.get_rect() text_rect.midtop = (x, y) surf.blit(text_surface, text_rect) class CubeShape(object): SHAPES = ['I', 'J', 'L', 'O', 'S', 'T', 'Z'] I = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)]] J = [[(-2, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)], [(0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)], [(0, -2), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)]] L = [[(-2, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1)], [(1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)], [(0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)], [(0, -2), (0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0)]] O = [[(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]] S = [[(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)], [(1, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1)]] T = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)], [(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1)]] Z = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)]] SHAPES_WITH_DIR = { 'I': I, 'J': J, 'L': L, 'O': O, 'S': S, 'T': T, 'Z': Z } def __init__(self): self.shape = self.SHAPES[random.randint(0, len(self.SHAPES) - 1)] # 骨牌所在的行列 self.center = (2, GRID_NUM_WIDTH // 2) self.dir = random.randint(0, len(self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape]) - 1) self.color = CUBE_COLORS[random.randint(0, len(CUBE_COLORS) - 1)] def get_all_gridpos(self, center=None): curr_shape = self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape][self.dir] if center is None: center = [self.center[0], self.center[1]] return [(cube[0] + center[0], cube[1] + center[1]) for cube in curr_shape] def conflict(self, center): for cube in self.get_all_gridpos(center): # 超出屏幕之外,说明不合法 if cube[0] < 0 or cube[1] < 0 or cube[0] >= GRID_NUM_HEIGHT or \ cube[1] >= GRID_NUM_WIDTH: return True # 不为None,说明之前已经有小方块存在了,也不合法 if screen_color_matrix[cube[0]][cube[1]] is not None: return True return False def rotate(self): new_dir = self.dir + 1 new_dir %= len(self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape]) old_dir = self.dir self.dir = new_dir if self.conflict(self.center): self.dir = old_dir return False def down(self): # import pdb; pdb.set_trace() center = (self.center[0] + 1, self.center[1]) if self.conflict(center): return False self.center = center return True def left(self): center = (self.center[0], self.center[1] - 1) if self.conflict(center): return False self.center = center return True def right(self): center = (self.center[0], self.center[1] + 1) if self.conflict(center): return False self.center = center return True def draw(self): for cube in self.get_all_gridpos(): pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (cube[1] * GRID_WIDTH, cube[0] * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (cube[1] * GRID_WIDTH, cube[0] * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH), 1) def draw_grids(): for i in range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH): pygame.draw.line(screen, LINE_COLOR, (i * GRID_WIDTH, 0), (i * GRID_WIDTH, HEIGHT)) for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT): pygame.draw.line(screen, LINE_COLOR, (0, i * GRID_WIDTH), (WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH)) pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, 0), (GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)) def draw_matrix(): for i, row in zip(range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT), screen_color_matrix): for j, color in zip(range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH), row): if color is not None: pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, (j * GRID_WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (j * GRID_WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH), 2) def draw_score(): show_text(screen, u'得分:{}'.format(score), 20, WIDTH + SIDE_WIDTH // 2, 100) def remove_full_line(): global screen_color_matrix global score global level new_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)] index = GRID_NUM_HEIGHT - 1 n_full_line = 0 for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT - 1, -1, -1): is_full = True for j in range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH): if screen_color_matrix[i][j] is None: is_full = False continue if not is_full: new_matrix[index] = screen_color_matrix[i] index -= 1 else: n_full_line += 1 score += n_full_line level = score // 20 + 1 screen_color_matrix = new_matrix def show_welcome(screen): show_text(screen, u'俄罗斯方块', 30, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2) show_text(screen, u'按任意键开始游戏', 20, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2 + 50) running = True gameover = True counter = 0 live_cube = None while running: clock.tick(FPS) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if gameover: gameover = False live_cube = CubeShape() break if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: live_cube.left() elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: live_cube.right() elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: live_cube.down() elif event.key == pygame.K_UP: live_cube.rotate() elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: while live_cube.down() == True: pass remove_full_line() # level 是为了方便游戏的难度,level 越高 FPS // level 的值越小 # 这样屏幕刷新的就越快,难度就越大 if gameover is False and counter % (FPS // level) == 0: # down 表示下移骨牌,返回False表示下移不成功,可能超过了屏幕或者和之前固定的 # 小方块冲突了 if live_cube.down() == False: for cube in live_cube.get_all_gridpos(): screen_color_matrix[cube[0]][cube[1]] = live_cube.color live_cube = CubeShape() if live_cube.conflict(live_cube.center): gameover = True score = 0 live_cube = None screen_color_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)] # 消除满行 remove_full_line() counter += 1 # 更新屏幕 screen.fill(BLACK) draw_grids() draw_matrix() draw_score() if live_cube is not None: live_cube.draw() if gameover: show_welcome(screen) pygame.display.update()
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