Python tkinter计算器功能
Jhze 人气:0python版本：3.5
一.计算器的功能描述
今天我们用python来实现一个计算器。首先，计算器分为两部分：一部分是初级页面，包括简单的加减乘除四则运算。第二部分：是高级页面，包括常见的三角函数、对数、括号、等参数运算。其次，在初级页面，能进行简单的初级运算，并在初级页面设置高级按钮，并让其高亮显示，用户点击高级按钮后，会切换到高级页面。来到高级页面，让扩展的功能高亮显示，同时可以参加高级运算。并且在高级页面留有初级页面按钮，点击可以回到初级页面。相关效果截图在文章末尾。
整个运算保留小数点10位有效数字。
二.代码实现
Calculate.py的实现
我们此次属于python自带的一个库tkinter，有自带的GUI用起来很方便。
1. 导包
import tkinter as tk import tkinter.messagebox import re import math from functions import *
import导入包，as是给tkinter重新起了个名字，messagebox是一个错误提示框（如：分母为0,会错误提示）
functions.py是一个自定义函数，计算数值时用。
2. 初始化初级界面
root = tk.Tk()
root.minsize(300, 400) # 窗口大小300*400
root.resizable(0, 0)
root.title('Jhze的计算器') # 计算器名字3. 创建初级页面
生成初级页面的所有按钮，这里看起来代码很累赘，尝试用循环实现，但是循环生成的按钮样子不好看，没有调到想要的效果。所以就选择这样一个一个的生成。
这里利用button中一个很重要的参数command来回调函数，具体就是你可以通过点击按钮来获取想应的值，并且做相关的操作。
# 运算符号按钮
# 第一行
btnac = tkinter.Button(root, text='AC', bd=0.5, font=('黑体', 20), fg='orange', command=lambda \
x='AC': buttonClick(x))
btnac.place(x=0, y=150, width=75, height=50)
btnback = tkinter.Button(root, text='←', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='#4F4F4F', bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='←': buttonClick(x))
btnback.place(x=75, y=150, width=75, height=50)
btndivi = tkinter.Button(root, text='^', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='#4F4F4F', bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='^': buttonClick(x))
btndivi.place(x=150, y=150, width=75, height=50)
btnmul = tkinter.Button(root, text='+', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg="#4F4F4F", bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='+': buttonClick(x))
btnmul.place(x=225, y=150, width=75, height=50)
# 第二行
btn7 = tkinter.Button(root, text='7', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='7': buttonClick(x))
btn7.place(x=0, y=200, width=75, height=50)
btn8 = tkinter.Button(root, text='8', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='8': buttonClick(x))
btn8.place(x=75, y=200, width=75, height=50)
btn9 = tkinter.Button(root, text='9', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='9': buttonClick(x))
btn9.place(x=150, y=200, width=75, height=50)
btnsub = tkinter.Button(root, text='-', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='-': buttonClick(x))
btnsub.place(x=225, y=200, width=75, height=50)
# 第三行
btn4 = tkinter.Button(root, text='4', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='4': buttonClick(x))
btn4.place(x=0, y=250, width=75, height=50)
btn5 = tkinter.Button(root, text='5', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='5': buttonClick(x))
btn5.place(x=75, y=250, width=75, height=50)
btn6 = tkinter.Button(root, text='6', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='6': buttonClick(x))
btn6.place(x=150, y=250, width=75, height=50)
btnadd = tkinter.Button(root, text='×', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='×': buttonClick(x))
btnadd.place(x=225, y=250, width=75, height=50)
# 第四行
btn1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='1', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='1': buttonClick(x))
btn1.place(x=0, y=300, width=75, height=50)
btn2 = tkinter.Button(root, text='2', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='2': buttonClick(x))
btn2.place(x=75, y=300, width=75, height=50)
btn3 = tkinter.Button(root, text='3', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='3': buttonClick(x))
btn3.place(x=150, y=300, width=75, height=50)
btnechu = tkinter.Button(root, text='÷', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='÷': buttonClick(x))
btnechu.place(x=225, y=300, width=75, height=50)
# 第五行
btnper = tkinter.Button(root, text='高级', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='orange', bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='高级': buttonClick(x))
btnper.place(x=0, y=350, width=75, height=50)
btn0 = tkinter.Button(root, text='0', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='0': buttonClick(x))
btn0.place(x=75, y=350, width=75, height=50)
btnpoint = tkinter.Button(root, text='.', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='.': buttonClick(x))
btnpoint.place(x=150, y=350, width=75, height=50)
btnequ = tkinter.Button(root, text='=', bg='orange', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='=': buttonClick(x))
btnequ.place(x=225, y=350, width=75, height=50)4.绘制输出文本框
contentVar = tkinter.StringVar(root, '')
contentEntry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=contentVar, state='readonly', font=("Arial", 12))
contentEntry.place(x=0, y=110, width=300, height=40)5.低级页面的响应事件处理
这里我们通过buttonClick()来响应事件。
1.如果btn是‘0123456789’数值，直接赋值给content。
2.如果btn是‘AC’，响应清屏
3.如果btn是‘←’，回退一个字符，其实这里最方便的是用切片法很容易实现
4.如果btn是‘=’，则将content这个字符串计算值，并输出。因为是初级页面，只有简单的四则运算，完全可以用python自带的函数eval()来计算值。
def buttonClick(btn):
content = contentVar.get()
if content.startswith('.'): # 小数点前加0
content = '0' + content
if btn in '0123456789':
content += btn
elif btn == '.':
lastPart = re.split(r'\+|-|\*|/', content)[-1]
if '.' in lastPart:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'Input Error')
return
else:
content += btn
elif btn == 'AC':
content = ''
elif btn == '=':
try:
for operat in content:
if operat == '÷':
content = content.replace('÷', '/')
elif operat == '×':
content = content.replace('×', '*')
value = eval(content)
content = str(round(value, 10))
except:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'VALUE ERROR')
return
elif btn in operators:
if content.endswith(operators):
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'FORMAT ERROR')
return
content += btn
elif btn == '^':
n = content.split('.')
if all(map(lambda x: x.isdigit(), n)):
content = eval(content)*eval(content)
else:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'Input Error')
return
elif btn == '←': # 如果按下的是退格‘'，则选取当前数字第一位到倒数第二位
content = content[0:-1]
elif btn == '高级':其实此时已经实现了一个简单的初级页面，能进行四则运算，并且能输出相应的值。就差高级这个接口的实现啦，接下来就让我们来实现高级这个按钮的功能吧。
6.低级页面中高级按钮的实现
[注意]：以下代码全部都是在“高级”这个按钮下来实现的，注意python语言的缩进。也就是在上述的 elif btn==‘高级’：之下实现。
点击高级按钮之后，响应对应事件，因为我们页面大小不变，所以我们需要调用btnac.destroy() 来销毁低级页面的按钮，同理调用：btn1.destroy()、btn2.destroy()等等。也就意味着把初级页面的按钮全部销毁，重新布局。此时有7行按钮生成。
这里我说一下最初的构思，本来想点击高级按钮之后，将原来的按钮缩小比例，并且增加新的高级按钮。这样可以实现，而且减少页面布局代码，但是这样做的同时，初级界面的那个‘高级’按钮还会在，曾试图改变它的名称，但效果不是很好。并且高级与初级页面在计算的时候都是用的同一种方法，通过command回调函数来实现。高级页面需要正则表达式对点击获取的字符串进行处理。所以出现诸多问题。因此没有用页面按钮比例缩小的那构思。而是直接将初级页面的按钮全部清理，重新布局。这样就解决了那些问题。也完成了高级<---->低级页面的来回跳转。看起来有种缩放的效果。请读者自行体会。
contentEntry.place(x=0, y=45, width=300, height=40) # 重新绘制输出框
# 运算符号按钮
# 第一行
btncsc = tkinter.Button(root, text='csc', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='csc': buttonClick1(x))
btncsc.place(x=0, y=85, width=60, height=45)
btnrad = tkinter.Button(root, text='rad', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='rad': buttonClick1(x))
btnrad.place(x=60, y=85, width=60, height=45)
btnsin = tkinter.Button(root, text='sin', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='sin': buttonClick1(x))
btnsin.place(x=120, y=85, width=60, height=45)
btncos = tkinter.Button(root, text='cos', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='cos': buttonClick1(x))
btncos.place(x=180, y=85, width=60, height=45)
btntan = tkinter.Button(root, text='tan', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='tan': buttonClick1(x))
btntan.place(x=240, y=85, width=60, height=45)
# 第二行
btnxsec = tkinter.Button(root, text='sec', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='sec': buttonClick1(x))
btnxsec.place(x=0, y=130, width=60, height=45)
btnlog = tkinter.Button(root, text='lg', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='lg': buttonClick1(x))
btnlog.place(x=60, y=130, width=60, height=45)
btnln = tkinter.Button(root, text='ln', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='ln': buttonClick1(x))
btnln.place(x=120, y=130, width=60, height=45)
btnleft = tkinter.Button(root, text='(', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='(': buttonClick1(x))
btnleft.place(x=180, y=130, width=60, height=45)
btnrigh = tkinter.Button(root, text=')', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x=')': buttonClick1(x))
btnrigh.place(x=240, y=130, width=60, height=45)
# 第三行
btnaxy = tkinter.Button(root, text='x^y', bd=0.5, font=('黑体', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), command=lambda \
x='x^y': buttonClick1(x))
btnaxy.place(x=0, y=175, width=60, height=45)
btnac.destroy()
btnac1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='AC', bd=0.5, font=('黑体', 20), fg='orange', command=lambda \
x='AC': buttonClick1(x))
btnac1.place(x=60, y=175, width=60, height=45)
btnback.destroy()
btnback1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='←', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='#4F4F4F', bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='←': buttonClick1(x))
btnback1.place(x=120, y=175, width=60, height=45)
btndivi.destroy()
btndivi1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='^', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='#4F4F4F', bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='^': buttonClick1(x))
btndivi1.place(x=180, y=175, width=60, height=45)
btnmul.destroy()
btnmul1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='+', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg="#4F4F4F", bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='+': buttonClick1(x))
btnmul1.place(x=240, y=175, width=60, height=45)
# 第四行
btnx = tkinter.Button(root, text='X!', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='X!': buttonClick1(x))
btnx.place(x=0, y=220, width=60, height=45)
btn7.destroy()
btn71 = tkinter.Button(root, text='7', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='7': buttonClick1(x))
btn71.place(x=60, y=220, width=60, height=45)
btn8.destroy()
btn81 = tkinter.Button(root, text='8', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='8': buttonClick1(x))
btn81.place(x=120, y=220, width=60, height=45)
btn9.destroy()
btn91 = tkinter.Button(root, text='9', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='9': buttonClick1(x))
btn91.place(x=180, y=220, width=60, height=45)
btnsub.destroy()
btnsub1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='-', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='-': buttonClick1(x))
btnsub1.place(x=240, y=220, width=60, height=45)
# 第五行
btn4x = tkinter.Button(root, text='1/X', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='1/X': buttonClick1(x))
btn4x.place(x=0, y=265, width=60, height=45)
btn4.destroy()
btn41 = tkinter.Button(root, text='4', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='4': buttonClick1(x))
btn41.place(x=60, y=265, width=60, height=45)
btn5.destroy()
btn51 = tkinter.Button(root, text='5', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='5': buttonClick1(x))
btn51.place(x=120, y=265, width=60, height=45)
btn6.destroy()
btn61 = tkinter.Button(root, text='6', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='6': buttonClick1(x))
btn61.place(x=180, y=265, width=60, height=45)
btnadd.destroy()
btnadd1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='×', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='×': buttonClick1(x))
btnadd1.place(x=240, y=265, width=60, height=45)
# 第六行
btnpi = tkinter.Button(root, text='π', font=('微软雅黑', 20), bg=('#96CDCD'), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='π': buttonClick1(x))
btnpi.place(x=0, y=310, width=60, height=45)
btnpi.flash()
btn1.destroy()
btn11 = tkinter.Button(root, text='1', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='1': buttonClick1(x))
btn11.place(x=60, y=310, width=60, height=45)
btn2.destroy()
btn21 = tkinter.Button(root, text='2', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='2': buttonClick1(x))
btn21.place(x=120, y=310, width=60, height=45)
btn3.destroy()
btn31 = tkinter.Button(root, text='3', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='3': buttonClick1(x))
btn31.place(x=180, y=310, width=60, height=45)
btnechu.destroy()
btnechu1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='÷', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='÷': buttonClick1(x))
btnechu1.place(x=240, y=310, width=60, height=45)
# 第七行
btnperr = tkinter.Button(root, text='低级', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='orange', bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='低级': buttonClick1(x))
btnperr.place(x=0, y=355, width=60, height=45)
btnper.destroy()
btnper1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='e', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='e': buttonClick1(x))
btnper1.place(x=60, y=355, width=60, height=45)
btn0.destroy()
btn01 = tkinter.Button(root, text='0', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='0': buttonClick1(x))
btn01.place(x=120, y=355, width=60, height=45)
btnpoint.destroy()
btnpoint1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='.', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='.': buttonClick1(x))
btnpoint1.place(x=180, y=355, width=60, height=45)
btnequ.destroy()
btnequ1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='=', bg='orange', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='=': buttonClick1(x))
btnequ1.place(x=240, y=355, width=60, height=45)7.高级页面的响应事件的处理
先来说明一下计算器计算某个表达式用到的原理：
比如要计算这个表达式：2+3*(sin(0)+lg(10))-2
1.首先用正则表达式对这个字符串处理，计算出sin（0）=0，字符串变为：2+3*(0+lg(10))-2
2.再用正则表达式处理字符串，计算出lg（10）=1，字符串变为：2+3*(0+1)-2
3.再用正则表达式处理字符串，计算括号(0+1) =1,此时字符串变成：3+3*1-2
4.四则运算直接调用python自带的函数eval()直接计算结果。
笔者用此思想来实现下述高级页面表达式的计算。
【注】：重要实现的要点说明
1.高级页面依然保留初级页面所有布局、功能，在此基础上增加了很多新功能。
2.在高级页面输完表达式，当我们点击‘=’时，计算某个表达式值。用到上述思想。
3.我们以计算一个表达式中含有sin(x)为例来进行简单的说明：
（1）我们首先判断sin是不是在某个表达式中。
（2）使用正则表达式：strsin = r’sin(\d+)|sin(-?\d+.\d+)‘来提取如相应的表达式。
（3） 此时得到是一个字符串表达式’sin(2)’，我们再用正则表达式提取里面的数字value。调用math库里面是sin函数。来计算sin(2)， 如：value = str(sin_t(float(value))) 这里的sin_t()是一个自定义函数。在下述functions.py文件里面。
（4）此时我们将计算得到的数值，调用replace() 进行替换。就能达到想要的效果了哦。
别的表达式都是用的同样的方法，这里不再赘述。请读者根据源代码自行体会。
def buttonClick1(btn):
content = contentVar.get()
if content.startswith('.'): # 小数点前加0
content = '0' + content
if btn in '0123456789()':
content += btn
elif btn == '.':
lastPart = re.split(r'\+|-|\*|/', content)[-1]
if '.' in lastPart:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'Input Error')
return
else:
content += btn
elif btn == '^':
n = content.split('.')
if all(map(lambda x: x.isdigit(), n)):
content = eval(content) * eval(content)
else:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'Input Error')
return
elif btn == 'AC':
content = ''
elif btn == '=':
try:
for operat in content:
if operat == '÷':
content = content.replace('÷', '/')
elif operat == '×':
content = content.replace('×', '*')
elif operat == '^':
content = content.replace('^', '**')
strsin = r'sin\(\d+\)|sin\(\-?\d+\.\d+\)'
if 'sin' in content:
m = re.search(strsin, content)
if m is not None:
exchange = m.group()
exchange1 = exchange
if '.' in exchange:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+\.\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(sin_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
else:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(sin_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
strcos = r'cos\(\d+\)|cos\(\-?\d+\.\d+\)'
if 'cos' in content:
m = re.search(strcos, content)
if m is not None:
exchange = m.group()
exchange1 = exchange
if '.' in exchange:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+\.\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(cos_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
else:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(cos_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
strtan = r'tan\(\d+\)|tan\(\-?\d+\.\d+\)'
if 'tan' in content:
m = re.search(strtan, content)
if m is not None:
exchange = m.group()
exchange1 = exchange
if '.' in exchange:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+\.\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(tan_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
else:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(tan_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
strsec = r'sec\(\-?\d+\)|sec\(\-?\d+\.\d+\)'
if 'sec' in content:
m = re.search(strsec, content)
if m is not None:
exchange = m.group()
exchange1 = exchange
if '.' in exchange:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+\.\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(sec_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
else:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(sec_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
strcsc = r'csc\(\d+\)'
if 'csc' in content:
m = re.search(strcsc, content)
if m is not None:
exchange = m.group()
exchange1 = exchange
if '.' in exchange:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+\.\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(csc_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
else:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
value = str(csc_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
strlg = r'lg\(\-?\d+\)|lg\(\-?\d+\.\d+\)'
if 'lg' in content:
m = re.search(strlg, content)
if m is not None:
exchange = m.group()
exchange1 = exchange
if '.' in exchange:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+\.\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
if float(value) <= 0:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'FORMAT ERROR')
else:
value = str(lg_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
else:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
if int(value)<=0 :
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'FORMAT ERROR')
else:
value = str(lg_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
strln = r'ln\(\-?\d+\)|ln\(\-?\d+\.\d+\)'
if 'ln' in content:
m = re.search(strln, content)
if m is not None:
exchange = m.group()
exchange1 = exchange
if '.' in exchange:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+\.\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
if float(value) <= 0:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'FORMAT ERROR')
else:
value = str(ln_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
else:
exchange = re.search("\-?\d+", exchange)
value = exchange.group()
if int(value) <= 0:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'FORMAT ERROR')
else:
value = str(ln_t(float(value)))
content = content.replace(exchange1, value)
value = eval(content)
content = str(round(value, 10))
except ZeroDivisionError:
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'VALUE ERROR')
return
elif btn in operators:
if content.endswith(operators):
tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', 'FORMAT ERROR')
return
content += btn
elif btn == 'e':
content = 2.7182818284
elif btn == 'π':
content = 3.1415926535
elif btn == '1/X':
content = reciprocal(float(content))
elif btn == 'X!':
content = factorial(int(content))
elif btn == 'x^y':
content += '^'
elif btn == 'sin':
content += 'sin('
elif btn == 'cos':
content += 'cos('
elif btn == 'tan':
content += 'tan('
elif btn == 'sec':
content += 'sec('
elif btn == 'csc':
content += 'csc('
elif btn == 'lg':
content += 'lg('
elif btn == 'ln':
content += 'ln('
elif btn == '←': # 如果按下的是退格‘'，则选取当前数字第一位到倒数第二位
content = content[0:-1]8.高级页面中低级按钮实现
这里还是用到的同样思想。对所有的高级按钮全部销毁。重新布局新的按钮。这里不再赘述。
elif btn == '低级':
contentEntry.place(x=0, y=110, width=300, height=40)
#第一行
btncsc.destroy()
btnrad.destroy()
btnsin.destroy()
btncos.destroy()
btntan.destroy()
# 第二行
btnxsec.destroy()
btnlog.destroy()
btnln.destroy()
btnleft.destroy()
btnrigh.destroy()
# 第三行
btnaxy.destroy()
btnac1.destroy()
btnback1.destroy()
btndivi1.destroy()
btnmul1.destroy()
# 第四行
btnx.destroy()
btn71.destroy()
btn81.destroy()
btn91.destroy()
btnsub1.destroy()
# 第五行
btn4x.destroy()
btn41.destroy()
btn51.destroy()
btn61.destroy()
btnadd1.destroy()
# 第六行
btnpi.destroy()
btn11.destroy()
btn21.destroy()
btn31.destroy()
btnechu1.destroy()
# 第七行
btnperr.destroy()
btnper1.destroy()
btn01.destroy()
btnpoint1.destroy()
btnequ1.destroy()
# 第一行
btnac = tkinter.Button(root, text='AC', bd=0.5, font=('黑体', 20), fg='orange', command=lambda \
x='AC': buttonClick(x))
btnac.flash()
btnac.place(x=0, y=150, width=75, height=50)
btnback = tkinter.Button(root, text='←', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='#4F4F4F', bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='←': buttonClick(x))
btnback.place(x=75, y=150, width=75, height=50)
btndivi = tkinter.Button(root, text='^', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='#4F4F4F', bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='^': buttonClick(x))
btndivi.place(x=150, y=150, width=75, height=50)
btnmul = tkinter.Button(root, text='+', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg="#4F4F4F", bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='+': buttonClick(x))
btnmul.place(x=225, y=150, width=75, height=50)
# 第二行
btn7 = tkinter.Button(root, text='7', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='7': buttonClick(x))
btn7.place(x=0, y=200, width=75, height=50)
btn8 = tkinter.Button(root, text='8', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='8': buttonClick(x))
btn8.place(x=75, y=200, width=75, height=50)
btn9 = tkinter.Button(root, text='9', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='9': buttonClick(x))
btn9.place(x=150, y=200, width=75, height=50)
btnsub = tkinter.Button(root, text='-', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='-': buttonClick(x))
btnsub.place(x=225, y=200, width=75, height=50)
# 第三行
btn4 = tkinter.Button(root, text='4', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='4': buttonClick(x))
btn4.place(x=0, y=250, width=75, height=50)
btn5 = tkinter.Button(root, text='5', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='5': buttonClick(x))
btn5.place(x=75, y=250, width=75, height=50)
btn6 = tkinter.Button(root, text='6', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='6': buttonClick(x))
btn6.place(x=150, y=250, width=75, height=50)
btnadd = tkinter.Button(root, text='×', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='×': buttonClick(x))
btnadd.place(x=225, y=250, width=75, height=50)
# 第四行
btn1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='1', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='1': buttonClick(x))
btn1.place(x=0, y=300, width=75, height=50)
btn2 = tkinter.Button(root, text='2', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='2': buttonClick(x))
btn2.place(x=75, y=300, width=75, height=50)
btn3 = tkinter.Button(root, text='3', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='3': buttonClick(x))
btn3.place(x=150, y=300, width=75, height=50)
btnechu = tkinter.Button(root, text='÷', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='÷': buttonClick(x))
btnechu.place(x=225, y=300, width=75, height=50)
# 第五行
btnper = tkinter.Button(root, text='高级', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg='orange', bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='高级': buttonClick(x))
btnper.place(x=0, y=350, width=75, height=50)
btn0 = tkinter.Button(root, text='0', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='0': buttonClick(x))
btn0.place(x=75, y=350, width=75, height=50)
btnpoint = tkinter.Button(root, text='.', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5, command=lambda \
x='.': buttonClick(x))
btnpoint.place(x=150, y=350, width=75, height=50)
btnequ = tkinter.Button(root, text='=', bg='orange', font=('微软雅黑', 20), fg=('#4F4F4F'), bd=0.5,
command=lambda x='=': buttonClick(x))
btnequ.place(x=225, y=350, width=75, height=50)
contentVar.set(content)
contentVar.set(content)9.运行代码
这里所有的代码以及完成。最后还差个functions.py源码啦。
operators = ('÷', '×', '-', '+', '=', '.')
root.mainloop()10.functions.py实现
本来笔者想要用泰勒公式来计算复杂的表达式。但是没有得到想要的结果。直接调用math库啦，感兴趣的读者可以尝试用泰勒公式计算
#!/usr/bin/env python __author__: "Jhze dnowz" import math # 计算机倒数 def reciprocal(value): value = round(float(1) / (float(value)), 10) return value # 计算阶乘 def factorial(value): sum = 1 if value==0 or value==1: sum =1 for i in range(value): sum += sum * i return sum # 计算sin # def sin(x): # e = 10^(-15) # sum = 0 # evl = x # n = 1 # while(abs(evl)>e): # sum = sum+evl # a = (-1)**n # b = evl**(2*n+1) # c = factorial((2*n+1)) # evl = a*b/c # n +=1 # # print(sin(1)) # 计算sin def sin_t(x): return round(math.sin(x),10) # 计算cos def cos_t(x): return round(math.cos(x), 10) # 计算tan def tan_t(x): return round(math.tan(x), 10) # 计算csc def csc_t(x): return round(float(1)/math.sin(x), 10) # 计算sec def sec_t(x): return round(float(1)/math.cos(x), 10) # 计算lg def lg_t(x): return round(math.log10(x), 10) # 计算ln def ln_t(x): return round(math.log(x, math.e), 10)
11.相关效果图
12.动态效果图
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