Springboot @Order
湘西刺客王胡子 人气:0在spring-boot 2.6.2下测试,@Order并不会影响bean的装载顺序,声明了@Component的类,无论是构造方法、@PostConstruct注解声明的方法,还是实现的InitializingBean接口中的afterPropertiesSet()方法,如果beanClass位于同样的目录层级,这些方法的调用只会受到className的顺序影响:
@Component @Slf4j @Order(2) public class Bean1 implements InitializingBean { public Bean1() { log.info("construct bean1"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { log.info("initialled bean1"); } @PostConstruct public void post() { log.info("post bean1"); } } @Component @Slf4j @Order(1) public class Bean2 implements InitializingBean { public Bean2() { log.info("construct bean2"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { log.info("initialled bean2"); } @PostConstruct public void post() { log.info("post bean2"); } } /* 结果打印顺序: construct bean1 post bean1 initialled bean1 construct bean2 post bean2 initialled bean2 */
观察@Order的注解说明,第一句写着: @Order defines the sort order for an annotated component. 提到这个注解只是对component排序,那么哪里会收到这个排序数值的影响呢?
这里先改造一下代码:
public interface IBean { void work(); } @Component @Slf4j @Order(2) public class Bean1 implements InitializingBean,CommandLineRunner,IBean { public Bean1() { log.info("construct bean1"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { log.info("initialled bean1"); } @PostConstruct public void post() { log.info("post bean1"); } @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { log.info("running bean1"); } @Override public void work() { log.info("bean1 is working"); } } @Component @Slf4j @Order(1) public class Bean2 implements InitializingBean, CommandLineRunner, IBean { public Bean2() { log.info("construct bean2"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { log.info("initialled bean2"); } @PostConstruct public void post() { log.info("post bean2"); } @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { log.info("running bean2"); } @Override public void work() { log.info("bean2 is working"); } } @Service @RequiredArgsConstructor public class TestService { private final List<IBean> beans; public void test(){ beans.forEach(IBean::work); } }
启动之后执行TestService的test方法,得到如下顺序的日志:
construct bean1
post bean1
initialled bean1
construct bean2
post bean2
initialled bean2
running bean2
running bean1
bean2 is working
bean1 is working
作一下说明,@Order会影响依赖注入的顺序,如果存在同样类型的多个bean,且依赖声明使用了List<BeanInterface>,会将所有bean实例按照Order声明的顺序放入一个ArrayList中注入,如果用的是Collection或者Set则无效,因为类型本身无序。
而CommandLineRunner声明的run方法,会在bean被IOC容器装配完成之后被调用,方法注释简单明了的一句Callback used to run the bean可以理解为bean实例真正构建完成之后的回调方法,而这个方法会受到@Order的顺序影响,效果前面日志中已经体现,这里贴一下类注释:
Interface used to indicate that a bean should run when it is contained within a SpringApplication. Multiple CommandLineRunner beans can be defined within the same application context and can be ordered using the Ordered interface or @Order annotation.
除了以上两种用法,@Aspect声明的切面类、继承了OncePerRequestFilter的过滤器等,它们的作用顺序也会受到Order的影响。
注意:如果@Order注解配置在了@Configuration修饰的配置类中的@Bean方法修饰的方法上时,指定顺序并不会生效
顺便提一下另外一个注解:@Priority,以上@Order能起作用的地方,换成@Priority一样会生效,但在一种情况下,它的作用和@Order大为不同:
同一个接口类型有多个不同的bean实现类时,注入依赖时使用集合声明不会报错,但声明为单体类型时,如果各个Bean类使用了@Order声明,就会报required a single bean, but x were found的错误,这时有两种方法可以解决问题,一是在其中一个Bean类加上@Primary的注解声明为首要类型,另外一个就是把Order改成Priority,优先级最高的那个bean会被当作primary来对待。
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