C语言线性代数算法实现矩阵 C语言线性代数算法实现矩阵代码实例
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C语言实现矩阵
矩阵作为一个结构体而言，至少要包含行数、列数以及数据。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct{
int row, col, size;
double *data;
} Matrix;
特殊矩阵
接下来通过这个结构体实现一些特殊的矩阵，例如包括相同元素的矩阵、对角矩阵等。
#define SetBase(mat) \
(Matrix*)malloc(sizeof(Matrix));\
mat->row = row;\
mat->col = col;\
mat->size = row*col;\
mat->data = (double*)malloc(mat->size*sizeof(double))
//特殊矩阵
Matrix* Sames(double n, int row, int col){
Matrix* mat = SetBase(mat);
for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)
mat->data[i]=n;
return mat;
}
#define Ones(row,col) Sames(1,row,col)
#define Zeros(row,col) Sames(0,row,col)
Matrix* Diag(double n, int row, int col){
Matrix* mat = Sames(0,row,col);
for (int i = 0; i < min(row,col) ; i++)
mat->data[i*col+i] = n;
return mat;
}
#define Eye(row,col) Diag(1,row,col)
Matrix* CountMatrix(int row, int col){
Matrix* mat = SetBase(mat);
for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)
mat->data[i]=i;
return mat;
}
//生成[L,R]范围内的随机矩阵
Matrix* RandMat(int row,int col, double L, double R){
Matrix* mat = SetBase(mat);
int size=R-L;
for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)
mat->data[i] = rand()%size+L;
return mat;
}
特殊矩阵验证
由于要识别输入的函数，所以先新建一个函数的结构体
typedef struct{
char* name;
int len;
int numPara; //参数个数
double params[MAXLEN]; //参数列表
}Func;
然后通过字符串来生成Func
//用于识别函数
void initFunc(Func* func,char* str){
int i = -1;
int j = 0;
while(str[++i]!='('){}
func->len = i;
func->name = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*func->len);
for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
func->name[j] = str[j];
func->name[i] = '\0';
int start = ++i;
char temp[MAXLEN];
j = 0;
while (str[i]!=')')
{
if(str[i]==','){
temp[i-start]='\0';
start = i+1;
func->params[j]=atof(temp);
j++;
}else
temp[i-start]=str[i];
i++;
}
temp[i-start]='\0';
func->params[j]=atof(temp);
func->numPara = j+1;
}
接下来需要实现打印矩阵的函数
void printMat(Matrix* mat){
printf("mat:");
printf("%dx%d=%d\n",mat->col,mat->row,mat->size);
for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)
{
printf("%f,",mat->data[i]);
if((i+1)%mat->col==0)
printf("\n");
}
}
最后是main函数
int isFunc(Func* func, char* str){
for (int i = 0; i < func->len; i++)
{
if(func->name[i]!=str[i])
return FALSE;
if(str[i]=='\0')
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
#define intPara (int)func->params
#define floatPara func->params
//#define isFunc(str) strcmp(func->name,str)
int main(){
//char* str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * MAXLEN);
char str[MAXLEN];
Matrix* mat = NULL;
Func* func = (Func*)malloc(sizeof(func));
while(1)
{
printf("please input:");
gets(str);
initFunc(func,str);
if(isFunc(func,"Sames"))
mat = Sames(floatPara[0],intPara[1],intPara[2]);
else if(isFunc(func,"Ones"))
mat = Ones(intPara[0],intPara[1]);
else if(isFunc(func,"Zeros"))
mat = Zeros(intPara[0],intPara[1]);
else if(isFunc(func,"Diag"))
mat = Diag(floatPara[0],intPara[1],intPara[2]);
else if(isFunc(func,"Eye"))
mat = Eye(intPara[0],intPara[1]);
else if(isFunc(func,"CountMatrix"))
mat = CountMatrix(intPara[0],intPara[1]);
else if(isFunc(func,"RandMat"))
mat = RandMat(intPara[0],intPara[1],
floatPara[2],floatPara[3]);
else
continue;
printMat(mat);
}
}
验证一下
PS E:\Code\PL\calc> .\a.exe please input:Ones(4,4) mat:4x4=16 1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000, 1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000, 1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000, 1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000, please input:Zeros(3,5) mat:5x3=15 0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000, 0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000, 0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000, please input:RandMat(3,3,0,100) mat:3x3=9 41.000000,67.000000,34.000000, 0.000000,69.000000,24.000000, 78.000000,58.000000,62.000000, please input:Eye(3,3) mat:3x3=9 1.000000,0.000000,0.000000, 0.000000,1.000000,0.000000, 0.000000,0.000000,1.000000, please input:CountMatrix(2,4) mat:4x2=8 0.000000,1.000000,2.000000,3.000000, 4.000000,5.000000,6.000000,7.000000,
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