Android ListView Android入门教程之ListView的具体使用详解
低吟不作语 人气:1ListView 的简单用法
在布局中加入 ListView 控件还算简单,先为 ListView 指定一个 id,然后将宽度和高度都设置为 match_parent,这样 ListView 就占满了整个布局的空间
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <ListView android:id="@+id/listView" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> </LinearLayout>
接下来修改 MainActivity 中的代码
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val data = listOf("Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango") override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) val adapter = ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data) listView.adapter = adapter } }
先将数据准备好,然后借助适配器将数据传递给 ListView。ArrayAdapter 是 Android 提供的一种适配器的实现类,可以通过泛型来指定要适配的数据类型,然后在构造函数中把要适配的数据传入。在 ArrayAdapter 的构造函数中依次传入 Activity 的实例、ListView 子项布局的 id、数据源,这里我们使用了 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1 作为 ListView 子项布局的 id,这是一个 Android 内置的布局文件,里面只有一个 TextView,可用于简单地显式一段文本。最后,调用 ListView 的 setAdapter() 方法,将构建好的适配器对象传递进去,这样 ListView 和数据之间的关联就建立完成了
定制 ListView 的界面
只能显示一段文本的 ListView 实在太单调了,我们现在希望定制 ListView 的界面,让它能显示文本和图片
在需要 ListView 的子项指定一个我们自定义的布局,在 layout 目录下新建 fruit_item.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="60dp"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/fruitImage" android:layout_width="40dp" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" tools:ignore="ContentDescription,RtlHardcoded" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/fruitName" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" tools:ignore="RtlHardcoded" /> </LinearLayout>
定义一个实体类,作为 ListView 适配器的适配类型
class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) : ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) { @SuppressLint("ViewHolder") override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View { val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false) val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage) val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName) val fruit = getItem(position) if (fruit != null) { fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId) fruitName.text = fruit.name } return view } }
FruitAdapter 类继承自 ArrayAdapter,并泛型指定为 Fruit 类,重写 getView() 方法。在 getView() 方法中,首先使用 LayoutInflater 来为这个子项加载我们传入的布局,再调用 View 的 findViewById() 方法分别获取 ImageView 和 TextView,然后通过 getItem() 方法得到当前项的 Fruit 实例,设置显示的图片和文字,最后将布局返回
最后修改 MainActivity 中的代码
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val fruitList = ArrayList<Fruit>() private val data = listOf("Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango") override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) initFruits() val adapter = FruitAdapter(this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList) listView.adapter = adapter } private fun initFruits() { repeat(2) { fruitList.add(Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry_pic)) fruitList.add(Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango_pic)) } } }
提升 ListView 的运行效率
getView() 方法中还有一个 convertView 参数,这个参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后进行重用,我们可以借助这个参数进行性能优化
class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) : ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) { @SuppressLint("ViewHolder") override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View { val view: View if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false) } else { view = convertView } val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage) val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName) val fruit = getItem(position) if (fruit != null) { fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId) fruitName.text = fruit.name } return view } }
我们在 getView() 方法中进行了判断:如果 convertView 为 null,则使用 LayoutInflater 去加载布局;如果不为 null,则直接对 convertView 进行重用
目前代码还可以继续优化,每次在 getView() 方法中仍然会调用 View 的 findViewById 方法去获取一次控件的实例,我们可以借助一个 ViewHolder 来对这部分性能进行优化,修改 FruitAdapter 中的代码
class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) : ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) { inner class ViewHolder(val fruitImage: ImageView, val fruitName: TextView) @SuppressLint("ViewHolder") override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View { val view: View val viewHolder: ViewHolder if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false) val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage) val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName) viewHolder = ViewHolder(fruitImage, fruitName) view.tag = viewHolder } else { view = convertView viewHolder = view.tag as ViewHolder } val fruit = getItem(position) if (fruit != null) { viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId) viewHolder.fruitName.text = fruit.name } return view } }
我们新增一个内部类 ViewHolder,用于对 ImageView 和 TextView 的控件实例进行缓存。当 convertView 为 null 时,创建一个 ViewHolder 对象,并将控件的实例存放在 ViewHolder 里,然后调用 View 的 setTag() 方法,将 ViewHolder 对象存储在 View 中
ListView 的点击事件
ListView 的滚动毕竟只是满足我们视觉上的效果,因此本节学习 ListView 如何才能响应用户的点击事件
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val fruitList = ArrayList<Fruit>() ... override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) initFruits() val adapter = FruitAdapter(this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList) listView.adapter = adapter /*val adapter = ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data)*/ /*listView.adapter = adapter*/ listView.setOnItemClickListener {parent, view, position, id -> val fruit = fruitList[position] Toast.makeText(this, fruit.name, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } } }
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