Python 多啦A梦 Python画图小案例之多啦A梦叮当猫超详细注释
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一步步教你怎么用Python画多啦A梦叮当猫，进一步熟悉Python的基础画图操作。
分析：叮当猫由头、脸、眼、眼珠、鼻子、嘴、胡子、项带、铃当、身子、围嘴、手臂、手、脚组成。 其中：头、脸、眼、眼珠、鼻子、嘴、胡子组成一个部件；其余元件组成一个部件。废话不多说，上代码。
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import math
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class Shape: # 图形基类(叮当猫各部件（形状）共有的属性)
def __init__(self, qp, QRect, QColor=QColor("#07bbee")): # 构造方法参数：形状，位置坐标，颜色, color="#07bbee"
self.qp = qp #qpainter()的实例
self.rect = QRect # 坐标（x1, y1, x2, y2）
self.color = QColor #颜色
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 3)) #边线
class Liner: #直线类
def __init__(self, qp, QRect):
self.qp = qp
self.rect = QRect
self.width = 1
class Arc: #弧线类
def __init__(self, qp, QRect, startAngle, spanAngle):
self.qp = qp
self.rect = QRect
self.startAngle = startAngle
self.spanAngle = spanAngle
class eyeball(Shape): #眼珠
def draw(self):
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect) #画圆形x,y,w,h 120, 25, 160, 160
class mouth(Arc):
def draw(self):
self.qp.drawArc(self.rect,self.startAngle,self.spanAngle) #后面两个参数分别为 起始角与跨度角
class beard(Liner): #中央竖线
def draw(self):
self.qp.drawLine(self.rect)
class Beards: #胡须组合
def __init__(self, qp, start_point): # w,h 宽、高
self.qp = qp #
self.start_point = start_point #起始坐标
self.bd0 = beard(self.qp, self.bd0_cacu())
self.bd1 = beard(self.qp, self.bd1_cacu())
self.bd2 = beard(self.qp, self.bd2_cacu())
self.bd00 = beard(self.qp, self.bd00_cacu())
self.bd11 = beard(self.qp, self.bd11_cacu())
self.bd22 = beard(self.qp, self.bd22_cacu())
def draw(self): # 绘制
self.bd1.draw()
self.bd0.draw()
self.bd2.draw()
self.bd11.draw()
self.bd00.draw()
self.bd22.draw()
def bd0_cacu(self): # 计算胡须的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] - 40
y1 = self.start_point[1] - 5
x2 = x1 - 58
y2 = y1 - 20
return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
def bd1_cacu(self): # 计算中间胡须的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] - 40
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 5
x2 = x1 -65
y2 = y1
return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
def bd2_cacu(self): # 计算胡须的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] - 40
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 15
x2 = x1 -58
y2 = y1 + 20
return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
def bd00_cacu(self): # 计算胡须的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] + 40
y1 = self.start_point[1] - 5
x2 = x1 + 58
y2 = y1 - 20
return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
def bd11_cacu(self): # 计算胡须的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] + 40
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 5
x2 = x1 + 65
y2 = y1
return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
def bd22_cacu(self): # 计算胡须的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] + 40
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 15
x2 = x1 + 58
y2 = y1 + 20
return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
class head(Shape): # 头
def draw(self):
##实例：x1，y1，x2，y2，即渐变的起始点和终止点
linearGradient = QLinearGradient(420, 0, 100, 280)
#线性渐变色的效果，以整个图形区间为100%，
#分成多段设置颜色，各颜色按百分比分配。
linearGradient.setColorAt(0.1, Qt.white) #10%处白色
linearGradient.setColorAt(0.2, self.color) #60%处绿色 #07bbee
linearGradient.setColorAt(0.8, self.color) #60%处绿色 #07bbee
linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black) #100%处黑色
self.qp.setBrush(linearGradient) #设置画刷
# self.qp.setBrush(self.color)
# qp.drawRoundedRect(120, 25, 160, 160, 40, 40, Qt.RelativeSize) #画圆角矩形x1,y1,x2,y2,圆角的角度
self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect) #画圆形x,y,w,h 120, 25, 160, 160
class nose(Shape): #鼻子
def draw(self):
RadialGradient = QRadialGradient(265, 144, 6, 265, 144) #辐射渐变
#参数分别为中心坐标，半径长度和焦点坐标,
#如果需要对称那么中心坐标和焦点坐标要一致 #c93300
#辐射渐变色的效果，以整个图形区间为100%，
#分成多段设置颜色，各颜色按百分比分配。
RadialGradient.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.white) #10%处白色
RadialGradient.setColorAt(1.0, self.color) #60%处绿色 #07bbee
# RadialGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black) #100%处黑色
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2)) #边线
self.qp.setBrush(RadialGradient) #设置画刷
self.qp.drawRoundedRect(self.rect, 80, 80, Qt.RelativeSize) #画圆角矩形x,y,w,h,圆角的角度
class face(Shape):
def draw(self):
self.qp.setPen(Qt.NoPen) #无边线
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect) #画圆形x,y,w,h 120, 25, 160, 160
class eye(Shape): #眼框
def draw(self):
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qp.drawRoundedRect(self.rect, 90, 90, Qt.RelativeSize) #画圆角矩形x1,y1,x2,y2,圆角的角度
class Heads: # 头部整体（组合头、脸、眼、鼻、嘴、胡子）
def __init__(self, qp, start_point,w, h): # w,h是帽子的宽、高
self.qp = qp #
self.start_point = start_point #起始坐标
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.hd = head(self.qp, self.hd_cacu(), QColor('#07bbee')) # 例化头
self.fc = face(self.qp, self.fc_cacu(), Qt.white) #脸
self.nos = nose(self.qp, self.nos_cacu(), QColor("#c93300")) #鼻子
self.eye0 = eye(self.qp, self.ey0_cacu(), Qt.white) # 实例化眼0
self.eye1 = eye(self.qp, self.ey1_cacu(), Qt.white) #眼1
self.bds = Beards(self.qp, (260, 185)) #胡须组合的起始位置
self.bd = beard(self.qp, self.bd_cacu()) #中央竖线
self.mt = mouth(self.qp, self.mt_cacu(), 230 * 16, 80 * 16) #弧线的起始角度, 弧线角度（角度*16）
self.mt2 = mouth(self.qp, self.mt2_cacu(), 230 * 16, 80 * 16) #弧线的起始角度, 弧线角度（角度*16）
self.eb0 = eyeball(self.qp, self.eb0_cacu(), Qt.black) #眼珠0
self.eb1 = eyeball(self.qp, self.eb1_cacu(), Qt.black) #眼珠1
def draw(self): # 绘制
self.hd.draw() #调用头方法绘制
self.fc.draw() # 调用脸方法绘制
self.nos.draw() # 调用底部方法绘制
self.eye0.draw()
self.eye1.draw()
self.bds.draw()
self.bd.draw() #调用头方法绘制
self.mt.draw()
self.mt2.draw()
self.eb0.draw() #眼珠
self.eb1.draw()
def eb0_cacu(self): # 计算眼珠的坐标
x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - 25
y = self.start_point[1] + 70
w = 12
h = 12
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def eb1_cacu(self): # 计算眼珠的坐标
x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 + 15
y = self.start_point[1] + 70
w = 12
h = 12
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def bd_cacu(self): # 计算中央竖线的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 135
x2 = x1
y2 = y1 + 95
return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
def mt_cacu(self): # 计算嘴的坐标
x = self.start_point[0] + 50
y = self.start_point[1] + 45
w = 220
h = 186
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def mt2_cacu(self): # 计算嘴的坐标
x = self.start_point[0] + 60
y = self.start_point[1] + 49
w = 200
h = 185
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def nos_cacu(self): # 计算鼻子的坐标
# r = self.h / 3 / 2
x = self.start_point[0] + self.w /2 -15
y = self.start_point[1] + 105
w = 30
h = 30
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def hd_cacu(self): # 计算头的坐标
x = self.start_point[0]
y = self.start_point[1]
w = self.w
h = self.h
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def fc_cacu(self): # 计算脸的坐标
x = self.start_point[0] + 35
y = self.start_point[1] + 65
w = self.w - 65
h = self.h - 100
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def ey1_cacu(self): # 计算眼1的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
y = self.start_point[1] + 40
w = 70
h = 80
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def ey0_cacu(self): # 计算眼0的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - 70
y = self.start_point[1] + 40
w = 70
h = 80
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
class collar(Shape): #项圈
def draw(self):
linearGradient = QLinearGradient(140, 280, 140, 310)
#参数分别为中心坐标，半径长度和焦点坐标,
#如果需要对称那么中心坐标和焦点坐标要一致 #c93300
#辐射渐变色的效果，以整个图形区间为100%，
#分成多段设置颜色，各颜色按百分比分配。
linearGradient.setColorAt(0.2, QColor("#c40")) #10%处
linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, QColor("#800400")) #
# linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black) #100%处黑色
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2)) #边线
self.qp.setBrush(linearGradient) #设置画刷
self.qpp = QPainterPath() #路径
self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2], self.rect[1] + 20)
self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2] - 10, self.rect[1] , 20.0, 20.0, 270.0, 180.0) #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半径,270是起始角度，180是要画的角度
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0], self.rect[1])
self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0]-10, self.rect[1], 20.0, 20.0, 90.0, 180.0)
self.qpp.closeSubpath()
self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
class bell(Shape): #铃铛
def draw(self):
#参数分别为中心坐标，半径长度和焦点坐标,
#如果需要对称那么中心坐标和焦点坐标要一致 #c93300
RadialGradient = QRadialGradient(270, 308, 40, 260, 300) #辐射渐变
#辐射渐变色的效果，以整个图形区间为100%，
#分成多段设置颜色，各颜色按百分比分配。
RadialGradient.setColorAt(0.0, QColor("#f9f12a")) #10%处白色
RadialGradient.setColorAt(0.75, QColor("#e9e11a")) #60%处绿色 #07bbee
RadialGradient.setColorAt(1.0, QColor("#a9a100")) #100%处黑色
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2)) #边线
self.qp.setBrush(RadialGradient) #设置画刷
self.qp.drawRoundedRect(self.rect, 90, 90, Qt.RelativeSize) #画圆角矩形x1,y1,x2,y2,圆角的角度
class body(Shape): #身体
def draw(self):
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2)) #边线
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qpp = QPainterPath() #路径
self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + 228, self.rect[1] - 15)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230 + 45, self.rect[1] + 25)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230 + 20, self.rect[1] + 60)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230 - 2, self.rect[1] + 40)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230 - 2, self.rect[1] + 170)
self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] + 105,self.rect[1] + 170-10, 20, 20, 0, 180) #中间半圆
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] -2, self.rect[1] + 170)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] - 2, self.rect[1] + 40)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] - 20, self.rect[1] + 60)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] - 40, self.rect[1] + 25)
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 2, self.rect[1] - 14)
self.qpp.closeSubpath()
self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
class foot(Shape): #脚
def draw(self):
linearGradient = QLinearGradient(140, 280, 140, 310)
linearGradient.setColorAt(0.2, QColor("#c40")) #10%处
linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, QColor("#800400")) #
# linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black) #100%处黑色
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2)) #边线
# self.qp.setBrush(linearGradient) #设置画刷
self.qpp = QPainterPath() #路径
self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2] - 40, self.rect[1] + self.rect[3] - 2)
self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2] - 40, self.rect[1] - 2 , 30.0, 30.0, 270.0, 180.0) #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半径,270是起始角度，180是要画的角度
self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0], self.rect[1]-2)
self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0]-15, self.rect[1] - 3, 60.0, 40.0, 90.0, 125.0)
# self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0]-20, self.rect[1] + 26, 20.0, 20.0, 90.0, 30.0)
self.qpp.closeSubpath()
self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
class hand(Shape): #手
def draw(self):
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect) #画圆形x,y,w,h 120, 25, 160, 160
class chest(Shape): #白色肚兜
def draw(self):
self.color = Qt.white
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2)) #边线
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qpp = QPainterPath() #路径
self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + 30 , self.rect[1] + 20)
self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] , self.rect[1] , 170.0, 170.0, 130.0, 280.0) #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半径,270是起始角度，180是要画的角度
self.qpp.closeSubpath()
self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
class half(Shape): #口袋
def draw(self):
self.color = Qt.white
self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2)) #边线
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qpp = QPainterPath() #路径
self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] , self.rect[1] + 10)
self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] , self.rect[1] - 55 , self.rect[2], self.rect[3], 180.0, 180.0) #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半径,270是起始角度，180是要画的角度
self.qpp.closeSubpath()
self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
class bellc(Shape): #铃铛中心
def draw(self):
self.qp.setBrush(self.color) #设置画刷
self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect) #画圆形x,y,w,h 120, 25, 160, 160
class bellv(Liner): #铃铛竖线
def draw(self):
self.qp.drawLine(self.rect)
class bellh(Liner): #横线
# def __init__(self, qp, start_point, w, c=0):
# self.qp = qp #
# self.start_point = start_point #起始坐标
# self.w = w
# self.c = c
def draw(self):
self.qp.drawLine(self.rect)
class Bells: # 铃铛组合
def __init__(self, qp, start_point, w, h): # w,h是铃铛的宽、高
self.qp = qp #
self.start_point = start_point #起始坐标
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.be = bell(self.qp, self.be_cacu(), QColor("#a9a100")) #铃铛
self.bec = bellc(self.qp, self.bec_cacu(),Qt.black) #铃铛中心
self.belv = bellv(self.qp, self.belv_cacu()) #铃铛竖线
self.belh1 = bellh(self.qp, self.belh1_cacu())
self.belh2 = bellh(self.qp, self.belh2_cacu())
def draw(self):
self.be.draw()
self.bec.draw()
self.belv.draw()
self.belh1.draw()
self.belh2.draw()
def belh1_cacu(self): # 计算铃铛横线的坐标
x = self.start_point[0] + 2
y = self.start_point[1] -3
w = x + 36
h = y
return QLineF(x, y, w, h)
def belh2_cacu(self): # 计算铃铛横线的坐标
x = self.start_point[0]
y = self.start_point[1] + 2
w = x + 40
h = y
return QLineF(x, y, w, h)
def belv_cacu(self): # 计算铃铛竖线的坐标
x = self.start_point[0] + 20
y = self.start_point[1] + 20
w = x
h = y + 8
return QLineF(x, y, w, h)
def bec_cacu(self): # 计算铃铛的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] + self.w /2 - 5
y = self.start_point[1] + 8
w = 10
h = 10
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def be_cacu(self): # 计算铃铛的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] + self.w /2 - 20
y = self.start_point[1] - 12
w = 40
h = 40
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
class Bodys: # 身体组合
def __init__(self, qp, start_point, w, h): # w,h是帽子的宽、高
self.qp = qp #
self.start_point = start_point #起始坐标
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.bod = body(self.qp, self.bod_cacu()) #实例化身体
self.che = chest(self.qp, self.che_cacu()) #实例化白色肚兜
self.ha = half(self.qp, self.ha_cacu()) #实例化口袋
self.coll = collar(self.qp, self.col_cacu()) # 实例化项圈
self.hnd0 = hand(self.qp, self.hnd0_cacu(), Qt.white) #左手
self.hnd1 = hand(self.qp, self.hnd1_cacu(), Qt.white) #左手
self.ft1 = foot(self.qp, self.ft1_cacu(), Qt.white) #脚
self.ft2 = foot(self.qp, self.ft2_cacu(), Qt.white) #脚
self.bels = Bells(self.qp, (240, 300), 40, 40)
def draw(self): # 绘制
self.bod.draw() #调用项圈方法绘制
self.che.draw()
self.ha.draw()
self.coll.draw()
self.hnd0.draw()
self.hnd1.draw()
self.ft1.draw()
self.ft2.draw()
self.bels.draw()
def ft1_cacu(self): # 计算脚的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0]
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 170
x2 = 120
y2 = 30
return (x1, y1, x2, y2)
def ft2_cacu(self): # 计算脚的坐标(圆角矩形)
x1 = self.start_point[0] + 130
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 170
x2 = 120
y2 = 30
return (x1, y1, x2, y2)
def hnd0_cacu(self): # 计算手的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] - 78
y = self.start_point[1] + 25
w = 60
h = 60
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def hnd1_cacu(self): # 计算手的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] + self.h + 20
y = self.start_point[1] + 25
w = 60
h = 60
return QRect(x, y, w, h)
def ha_cacu(self): # 计算口袋的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] + 48
y = self.start_point[1] + 40
w = 130
h = 130
return (x, y, w, h)
def che_cacu(self): # 计算白色肚兜的坐标(圆角矩形)
x = self.start_point[0] + 28
y = self.start_point[1] - 30
w = 170
h = 170
return (x, y, w, h)
def col_cacu(self): # 计算项圈的坐标(圆角矩形)
x1 = self.start_point[0]
y1 = self.start_point[1] - 20
x2 = 230
y2 = 20
return (x1, y1, x2, y2)
def bod_cacu(self): # 计算身体的坐标
x = self.start_point[0]
y = self.start_point[1]
w = 230
h = 165
return (x, y, w, h)
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self, w, h):
super().__init__()
self.qp = QPainter() # 画笔实例
self.rect = QRect()
self.color = QColor()
self.start_point = (100,30) #头部的起始位置
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.initUI()
self.heads = Heads(self.qp,self.start_point, 320, 300) # w,h
self.bo = Bodys(self.qp, (145,300), 230, 230) #start_point,w,h
def initUI(self):
self.setGeometry(100, 300, self.w, self.h) # 窗口在屏幕上的坐标和大小：x,y,w,h
self.setWindowTitle('叮当猫')
self.show()
# rect = QRect(120, 25, 160, 160)
# self.hd = head(self.qp, self.rect, self.color)
def paintEvent(self, e):
self.qp.begin(self)
self.drawBrushes(self.qp) #调用方法
self.qp.end()
def drawBrushes(self, qp):
self.heads.draw()
self.bo.draw()
# brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense1Pattern) #设置style
# qp.setBrush(brush) #设置画刷
# self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect, self.color) #画矩形x,y,w,h
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example(520, 760) #窗体大小
sys.exit(app.exec_())
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