Maven archetype项目脚手架手把手教你写Maven的archetype项目脚手架

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一、背景

　　maven是一个很好的代码构建工具，采用“约定优先于配置”的原则进行项目管理，相信很多的java开发者应该都了解maven并可能在工作当中都是通过maven来管理项目的，在创建的项目的时候，我们往往会使用maven内置的项目骨架也就是archetype来快速生成项目结构。但是在一个团队做开发的过程中，可能仅仅依靠maven预先提供的archetyp可能是不够的，团队之间协作有自己的定义方式，每个人的结构定义风格也不尽相同，在这样的背景下我们有必要去定义一个统一的代码骨架供团队使用，这样做的好处是当团队需要开始一个新项目的时候，可以利用自定义的maven骨架一键生成项目。

　　archetype是在maven-archetype-plugin插件执行generate目标的时候进行配置的，我们经常使用到maven的内嵌的骨架包括：maven-archetype-webapp、maven-archetype-quickstart。前者用来快速搭建一个web工程项目，后者用来快速搭建一个普通的java工程项目。

二、手写普通单模块项目的archetype

单模块项目的archetype脚手架项目的结构

上图中的各个文件详解：

根目录beast-archetype下的pom.xml和一般的maven项目一样主要定义archetype项目的坐标等信息。
所有的项目骨架内容都集中在src/main/resources/archetype-resources文件夹下。
archetype-resources中的pom.xml定义了待生成项目的pom文件的内容，/src/main/java、/src/test/java中分别定义了待生成项目中相应目录下的内容
/src/main/resources/META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml中定义相关的元数据描述(其中该文件的位置固定为resources/META-INF/maven文件夹下,且名称固定为archetype-metadata.xml)。

1.beast-archetype/pom.xml内容如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
    <artifactId>beast-archetype</artifactId>
    <version>1.1</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>beast-archetype</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>beast-archetype</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

2.src/main/resources/archetype-resources/pom.xml内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
            http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>${groupId}</groupId>
    <artifactId>${artifactId}</artifactId>
    <version>${version}</version>
    <name>${artifactId}</name>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
             <plugin> 
                 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> 
                 <configuration> 
                    <skip>true</skip> 
                 </configuration> 
             </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-archetype-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.7</source>
                        <target>1.7</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

其中：上面${}标识的变量都是通过maven中的命令行传进来的，如：mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.thebeastshop

3.src/main/resources/META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<archetype-descriptor  name="beast-archetype"
        xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0
            http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd">

    <requiredProperties>
        <requiredProperty key="package-name" />
    </requiredProperties>

    <fileSets>
        <fileSet filtered="true" packaged="true" encoding="UTF-8">
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.java</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.*</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet filtered="true" packaged="true" encoding="UTF-8">
            <directory>src/test/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.java</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
            <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.*</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</archetype-descriptor>

说明：

packaged="true"标识src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/main/java中对应的内容是否要放入到package中,比如package为com.thebeastshop,那么如果该属性为true,则对应的java文件会放到com/thebeastshop文件夹下，也就是包路径下。
filtered="true"标识下面提到的${}是否要进行替换

4.src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/main/java/Demo.java内容如下：

package ${package};

public class Demo{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Hello My Archetype!" );
    }
}

5.这样我们就手写好了一个自定义的maven的archetype骨架项目，我们只需要通过mvn clean install 命令把该jar包安装到本地仓库，然后通过本地仓库中的该jar包来生成一个项目看看效果，使用如下命令：

 mvn archetype:generate 
　　-DgroupId=comthebeastshop 
　　-DartifactId=beast-test 
　　-Dpackage="com.thebeastshop.test" 
　　-DarchetypeGroupId=com.thebeastshop 
　　-DarchetypeArtifactId=beast-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.1 -X -DarchetypeCatalog=local

三、手写maven多module的项目骨架archetype

1.多模块骨架项目的项目结构

这跟单模块项目区别不大，但是有几个概念需要说明：

“__rootArtifactId__”占位符会被parent项目的artifactId替换
${rootArtifactId}也会被parent项目的artifactId替换
src/main/resources/archetype-resources里必须要有一个顶级pom文件（如果是单工程就是工程pom文件），同时子文件夹代表了模块定义

2.模板工程定义描述文件

META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<archetype-descriptor  name="beast-archetype"
        xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0
            http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd">

    <requiredProperties>
        <requiredProperty key="groupId">
            <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop</defaultValue>
        </requiredProperty>
        <requiredProperty key="artifactId">
            <defaultValue>test</defaultValue>
        </requiredProperty>
        <requiredProperty key="package">
            <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop.test</defaultValue>
        </requiredProperty>
    </requiredProperties>

    <modules>
        <module id="${rootArtifactId}-api" name="${rootArtifactId}-api" dir="__rootArtifactId__-api">
            <fileSets>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/test/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
            </fileSets>
        </module>
        <module id="${rootArtifactId}-core" name="${rootArtifactId}-core" dir="__rootArtifactId__-core">
            <fileSets>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/test/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
            </fileSets>
        </module>
        <module id="${rootArtifactId}-dao" name="${rootArtifactId}-dao" dir="__rootArtifactId__-dao">
            <fileSets>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/test/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                        <include>mapper</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
            </fileSets>
        </module>
        <module id="${rootArtifactId}-main" name="${rootArtifactId}-main" dir="__rootArtifactId__-main">
            <fileSets>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/test/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/main/assembly</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/main/bin</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
            </fileSets>
        </module>
        <module id="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" name="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" dir="__rootArtifactId__-mybatisGen">
            <fileSets>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
                    <directory>src/test/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
                <fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
                    <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.*</include>
                    </includes>
                </fileSet>
            </fileSets>
        </module>
    </modules>
</archetype-descriptor>

属性变量定义

<requiredProperties>
    <requiredProperty key="groupId">
        <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop</defaultValue>
    </requiredProperty>
    <requiredProperty key="artifactId">
        <defaultValue>test</defaultValue>
    </requiredProperty>
    <requiredProperty key="package">
        <defaultValue>com.thebeastshop.test</defaultValue>
    </requiredProperty>
</requiredProperties>

这些属性可以在资源元文件里的任意一个文件里通过${var}来引用，所以的元文件最终都可以选择通过velocity引擎来执行替换后生成。
默认的属性有：groupId，artifactId，packeage，version等

项目子模块定义

<modules>
    <module id="${rootArtifactId}-api" name="${rootArtifactId}-api" dir="__rootArtifactId__-api">
        ...
    </module>
    <module id="${rootArtifactId}-core" name="${rootArtifactId}-core" dir="__rootArtifactId__-core">
        ...
    </module>
    <module id="${rootArtifactId}-dao" name="${rootArtifactId}-dao" dir="__rootArtifactId__-dao">
        ...
    </module>
    <module id="${rootArtifactId}-main" name="${rootArtifactId}-main" dir="__rootArtifactId__-main">
        ...
    </module>
    <module id="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" name="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" dir="__rootArtifactId__-mybatisGen">
        ...
    </module>
</modules>

module有三个属性，解释如下：

id ：定义子模块工程的artifactId.
dir ：子模块工程源文件在archetype-resources里对应的directory.
name ：子模块的名字.

3.子模块pom.xml定义如下(以core模块为例)：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
            http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
        <artifactId>${rootArtifactId}</artifactId>
        <version>${version}</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>${artifactId}</artifactId>
    <name>${artifactId}</name>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
            <artifactId>${rootArtifactId}-api</artifactId>
            <version>${api.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
            <artifactId>${rootArtifactId}-dao</artifactId>
            <version>${project.parent.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
             <plugin> 
                 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> 
                 <configuration> 
                    <skip>true</skip> 
                 </configuration> 
             </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

其中${rootArtifactId}就代表父项目的artifactId.

4.我们和单模块脚手架工程一样，通过mvn clean install命令把该脚手架项目安装到本地maven仓库，然后就可以使用该项目来快速生成新项目结构了，生成命令如下：

mvn archetype:generate 
　　-DgroupId=com.thebeastshop 
　　-DartifactId=ddd 
　　-Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
　　-DarchetypeGroupId=com.thebeastshop 
　　-DarchetypeArtifactId=beast-archetype 
　　-DarchetypeVersion=1.3-SNAPSHOT -X -DarchetypeCatalog=local

我们就会看到生成好的项目结构如下：

多模块项目脚手架源码：https://github.com/hafizzhang/beast-archetype

四、总结

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Maven archetype项目脚手架 手把手教你写Maven的archetype项目脚手架