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接口自动化框架(Pytest+request+Allure)

zx 人气:0
想了解接口自动化框架(Pytest+request+Allure)的相关内容吗,zx在本文为您仔细讲解的相关知识和一些Code实例,欢迎阅读和指正,我们先划重点:接口自动化框架(Pytest+request+Allure),下面大家一起来学习吧。

前言:

接口自动化是指模拟程序接口层面的自动化,由于接口不易变更,维护成本更小,所以深受各大公司的喜爱。
接口自动化包含2个部分,功能性的接口自动化测试和并发接口自动化测试。
本次文章着重介绍第一种,功能性的接口自动化框架。

一、简单介绍

环境:Mac、Python 3,Pytest,Allure,Request

pytest==3.6.0pytest-allure-adaptor==1.7.10(弃用)pytest-rerunfailures==5.0configparser==3.5.0PyYAML==3.12requests==2.18.4simplejson==3.16.0----------------------------------------2020-4-30更新pytest==5.3.1allure-pytest==2.8.6allure-python-commons==2.8.6⚠️注:pytest-allure-adaptor已弃用,改为allure-pytest;安装allure-pytest时,需将pytest-allure-adaptor卸载

流程:读取Yaml测试数据-生成测试用例-执行测试用例-生成Allure报告
模块类的设计说明:

Request.py 封装request方法,可以支持多协议扩展(get\post\put)
Config.py读取配置文件,包括:不同环境的配置,email相关配置
Log.py 封装记录log方法,分为:debug、info、warning、error、critical
Email.py 封装smtplib方法,运行结果发送邮件通知
Assert.py 封装assert方法
run.py 核心代码。定义并执行用例集,生成报告

Yaml测试数据格式如下:

---Basic:  dec: "基础设置"  parameters:    -      url: /settings/basic.json      data: slug=da1677475c27      header: {                 "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\                  Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36",                 "Content-Type": "keep-alive"              }

二、代码结构与框架流程

1、代码结构见下图:

代码结构.jpg

2、框架流程见下图:

框架流程.jpg


三、详细功能和使用说明

1、定义配置文件config.ini

该文件中区分测试环境[private_debug]和正式环境[online_release]分别定义相关配置项,[mail]部分为邮件相关配置项

# http接口测试框架配置信息[private_debug]# debug测试服务tester = your nameenvironment = debugversionCode = your versionhost = www.jianshu.comloginHost = /LoginloginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456[online_release]# release正式服务tester = your nameenvironment = releaseversionCode = v1.0host = www.jianshu.comloginHost = /LoginloginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456[mail]#发送邮件信息smtpserver = smtp.163.comsender = test1@163.comreceiver = wang@user.comusername = wang@user.compassword = 123456

2、读取yaml测试数据后封装

yaml测试数据例子见第一节,一条接口可定义多条case数据,get_parameter为已封装好的读取yaml数据方法,循环读取后将多条case数据存在list中。

class Basic:    params = get_parameter('Basic')    url = []    data = []    header = []    for i in range(0, len(params)):        url.append(params[i]['url'])        data.append(params[i]['data'])        header.append(params[i]['header'])

3、编写用例

class TestBasic:    @allure.feature('Home')    @allure.severity('blocker')    @allure.story('Basic')    def test_basic_01(self, action):        """            用例描述:未登陆状态下查看基础设置        """        conf = Config()        data = Basic()        test = Assert.Assertions()        request = Request.Request(action)        host = conf.host_debug        req_url = 'http://' + host        urls = data.url        params = data.data        headers = data.header        api_url = req_url + urls[0]        response = request.get_request(api_url, params[0], headers[0])        assert test.assert_code(response['code'], 401)        assert test.assert_body(response['body'], 'error', u'继续操作前请注册或者登录.')        assert test.assert_time(response['time_consuming'], 400)        Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('True')

4、运行整个框架run.py

if __name__ == '__main__':    # 定义测试集    args = ['-s', '-q', '--alluredir', xml_report_path]    self_args = sys.argv[1:]    pytest.main(args)    cmd = 'allure generate %s -o %s' % (xml_report_path, html_report_path)    try:        shell.invoke(cmd)    except:        log.error('执行用例失败,请检查环境配置')        raise    try:        mail = Email.SendMail()        mail.sendMail()    except:        log.error('发送邮件失败,请检查邮件配置')        raise

5、err.log实例

[ERROR 2018-08-24 09:55:37]Response body != expected_msg, expected_msg is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录9."}, body is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录."}[ERROR 2018-08-24 10:00:11]Response time > expected_time, expected_time is 400, time is 482.745[ERROR 2018-08-25 21:49:41]statusCode error, expected_code is 208, statusCode is 200 

6、Assert部分代码

    def assert_body(self, body, body_msg, expected_msg):        """        验证response body中任意属性的值        :param body:        :param body_msg:        :param expected_msg:        :return:        """        try:            msg = body[body_msg]            assert msg == expected_msg            return True        except:            self.log.error("Response body msg != expected_msg, expected_msg is %s, body_msg is %s" % (expected_msg, body_msg))            Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')            raise    def assert_in_text(self, body, expected_msg):        """        验证response body中是否包含预期字符串        :param body:        :param expected_msg:        :return:        """        try:            text = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False)            # print(text)            assert expected_msg in text            return True        except:            self.log.error("Response body Does not contain expected_msg, expected_msg is %s" % expected_msg)            Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')            raise

7、Request部分代码

    def post_request(self, url, data, header):        """        Post请求        :param url:        :param data:        :param header:        :return:        """        if not url.startswith('http://'):            url = '%s%s' % ('http://', url)            print(url)        try:            if data is None:                response = self.get_session.post(url=url, headers=header)            else:                response = self.get_session.post(url=url, params=data, headers=header)        except requests.RequestException as e:            print('%s%s' % ('RequestException url: ', url))            print(e)            return ()        except Exception as e:            print('%s%s' % ('Exception url: ', url))            print(e)            return ()        # time_consuming为响应时间,单位为毫秒        time_consuming = response.elapsed.microseconds/1000        # time_total为响应时间,单位为秒        time_total = response.elapsed.total_seconds()        Common.Consts.STRESS_LIST.append(time_consuming)        response_dicts = dict()        response_dicts['code'] = response.status_code        try:            response_dicts['body'] = response.json()        except Exception as e:            print(e)            response_dicts['body'] = ''        response_dicts['text'] = response.text        response_dicts['time_consuming'] = time_consuming        response_dicts['time_total'] = time_total        return response_dicts

四、Allure报告及Email

1、Allure报告总览,见下图:

Allure报告.jpg

2、Email见下图:

Email.jpg


五、后续优化

1、集成Jenkins,使用Jenkins插件生成Allure报告
2、多线程并发接口自动化测试
3、接口加密,参数加密

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