iOS WKWebView适配 iOS WKWebView适配实战篇
ArleneDD 人气:1一、Cookie适配
1.现状
WKWebView适配中最麻烦的就是cookie同步问题
WKWebView采用了独立存储控件,因此和以往的UIWebView并不互通
虽然iOS11以后,iOS开放了WKHTTPCookieStore让开发者去同步,但是还是需要考虑低版本的 同步问题,本章节从各个角度切入考虑cookie同步问题
2.同步cookie(NSHTTPCookieStorage->WKHTTPCookieStore)
iOS11+
可以直接使用WKHTTPCookieStore遍历方式设值,可以在创建wkwebview时候就同步也可以是请求时候
// iOS11同步 HTTPCookieStorag到WKHTTPCookieStore WKHTTPCookieStore *cookieStore = self.wkWebView.configuration.websiteDataStore.httpCookieStore; - (void)syncCookiesToWKCookieStore:(WKHTTPCookieStore *)cookieStore API_AVAILABLE(ios(11.0)){ NSArray *cookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]; if (cookies.count == 0) return; for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookies) { [cookieStore setCookie:cookie completionHandler:^{ if ([cookies.lastObject isEqual:cookie]) { [self wkwebviewSetCookieSuccess]; } }]; } }
同步cookie可以在初始化wkwebview的时候,也可以在请求的时候。初始化时候同步可以确保发起html页面请求的时候带上cookie
例如:请求在线页面时候要通过cookie来认证身份,如果不是初始化时同步,可能请求页面时就是401了
iOS11-
通过前端执行js注入cookie,在请求时候执行
//wkwebview执行JS - (void)injectCookiesLT11 { WKUserScript * cookieScript = [[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:[self cookieString] injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart forMainFrameOnly:NO]; [self.wkWebView.configuration.userContentController addUserScript:cookieScript]; } //遍历NSHTTPCookieStorage,拼装JS并执行 - (NSString *)cookieString { NSMutableString *script = [NSMutableString string]; [script appendString:@"var cookieNames = document.cookie.split('; ').map(function(cookie) { return cookie.split('=')[0] } );\n"]; for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in NSHTTPCookieStorage.sharedHTTPCookieStorage.cookies) { // Skip cookies that will break our script if ([cookie.value rangeOfString:@"'"].location != NSNotFound) { continue; } [script appendFormat:@"if (cookieNames.indexOf('%@') == -1) { document.cookie='%@'; };\n", cookie.name, [self formatCookie:cookie]]; } return script; } //Format cookie的js方法 - (NSString *)formatCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie { NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@;domain=%@;path=%@", cookie.name, cookie.value, cookie.domain, cookie.path ?: @"/"]; if (cookie.secure) { string = [string stringByAppendingString:@";secure=true"]; } return string; }
但是上面方法执行js,也无法保证第一个页面请求带有cookie
所以请求时候创建request需要设置cookie,并且loadRequest
-(void)injectRequestCookieLT11:(NSMutableURLRequest*)mutableRequest { // iOS11以下,手动同步所有cookie NSArray *cookies = NSHTTPCookieStorage.sharedHTTPCookieStorage.cookies; NSMutableArray *mutableCookies = @[].mutableCopy; for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookies) { [mutableCookies addObject:cookie]; } // Cookies数组转换为requestHeaderFields NSDictionary *requestHeaderFields = [NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:(NSArray *)mutableCookies]; // 设置请求头 mutableRequest.allHTTPHeaderFields = requestHeaderFields; }
3.反向同步cookie(WKHTTPCookieStore->NSHTTPCookieStorage)
wkwebview产生的cookie也可能在某些场景需要同步给NSHTTPCookieStorage
iOS11+可以直接用WKHTTPCookieStore去同步,
iOS11-可以采用js端获取,触发bridge同步给NSHTTPCookieStorage
但是js同步方式无法同步httpOnly,所以真的遇到了,还是要结合服务器等方式去做这个同步。
二、JS和Native通信
1.Native调用JS
将代码准备完毕后调用API即可,回调函数可以接收js执行结果或者错误信息,So Easy。
[self.wkWebView evaluateJavaScript:jsCode completionHandler:^(id object, NSError *error){}];
2.注入JS
其实就是提前注入一些JS方法,可以提供给JS端调用。
比如有的框架会将bridge直接通过这种方式注入到WK的执行环境中,而不是从前端引入JS,这种好处就是假设前端的JS是在线加载,JS服务器挂了或者网络问题,这样前端页面就失去了Naitve的Bridge通信能力了。
-(instancetype)initWithSource:(NSString *)source injectionTime:(WKUserScriptInjectionTime)injectionTime forMainFrameOnly:(BOOL)forMainFrameOnly; //WKUserScriptInjectionTime说明 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, WKUserScriptInjectionTime) { WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart, /**文档开始时候就注入**/ WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentEnd /**文档加载完成时注入**/ } API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.10), ios(8.0));
3.JS调用Native
3-1.准备代理类
代理类要实现WKScriptMessageHandler
@interface WeakScriptMessageDelegate : NSObject<WKScriptMessageHandler> @property (nonatomic, weak) id<WKScriptMessageHandler> scriptDelegate; - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(id<WKScriptMessageHandler>)scriptDelegate; @end
WKScriptMessageHandler就一个方法
@implementation WeakScriptMessageDelegate - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(id<WKScriptMessageHandler>)scriptDelegate { self = [super init]; if (self) { _scriptDelegate = scriptDelegate; } return self; } - (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message { [self.scriptDelegate userContentController:userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:message]; }
3-2.设置代理类
合适时机(一般初始化)设置代理类,并且指定name
NSString* MessageHandlerName = @"bridge"; [config.userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:[[WeakScriptMessageDelegate alloc] initWithDelegate:self] name:MessageHandlerName];
3-3.bridge的使用(JS端)
执行完上面语句后就会在JS端注入了一个对象"window.webkit.messageHandlers.bridge"
//JS端发送消息,参数最好选用String,比较通用 window.webkit.messageHandlers.bridge.postMessage("type");
3-4.Native端消息的接收
然后native端可以通过WKScriptMessage的body属性中获得传入的值
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController*)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{ if ([message.name isEqualToString:HistoryBridageName]) { } else if ([message.name isEqualToString:MessageHandlerName]) { [self jsToNativeImpl:message.body]; } }
3-5.思考题
这里我们为什么要使用WeakScriptMessageDelegate,并且再设置个delegate指向self(controller),为什么不直接指向?
提示:可以参考NSTimer的循环引用问题
3-6.完整的示例
-(void)_defaultConfig{ WKWebViewConfiguration* config = [WKWebViewConfiguration new]; …… …… …… …… WKUserContentController* userController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init]; config.userContentController = userController; [self injectHistoryBridge:config]; …… …… …… …… } -(void)injectHistoryBridge:(WKWebViewConfiguration*)config{ [config.userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:[[WeakScriptMessageDelegate alloc] initWithDelegate:self] name:HistoryBridageName]; NSString *_jsSource = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"(function(history) {\n" " function notify(type) {\n" " setTimeout(function() {\n" " window.webkit.messageHandlers.%@.postMessage(type)\n" " }, 0)\n" " }\n" " function shim(f) {\n" " return function pushState() {\n" " notify('other')\n" " return f.apply(history, arguments)\n" " }\n" " }\n" " history.pushState = shim(history.pushState)\n" " history.replaceState = shim(history.replaceState)\n" " window.addEventListener('popstate', function() {\n" " notify('backforward')\n" " })\n" "})(window.history)\n", HistoryBridageName ]; WKUserScript *script = [[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:_jsSource injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart forMainFrameOnly:YES]; [config.userContentController addUserScript:script]; }
3-7.其它问题
在iOS8 beta5前,JS和Native这样通信设置是不行的,所以可以采用生命周期中做URL的拦截去解析数据来达到效果,这里不做赘述,可以自行参考网上类似UIWebview的桥接原理文章
三、实战技巧
1.UserAgent的设置
添加UA
实际过程中最好只是原有UA上做添加操作,全部替换可能导致服务器的拒绝(安全策略)
日志中红线部分是整个模拟器的UA,绿色部门是UA中的ApplicationName部分
iOS9上,WKWebview提供了API可以设置ua中的ApplicationName
config.applicationNameForUserAgent = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", config.applicationNameForUserAgent, @"arleneConfig"];
全部替换UA
iOS9以上直接可以指定wkwebview的customUserAgent,iOS9以下的话,设置NSUserDefaults
if (@available(iOS 9.0, *)) { self.wkWebView.customUserAgent = @"Hello My UserAgent"; }else{ [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:@{@"UserAgent":@"Hello My UserAgent"}]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]; }
2.监听进度和页面的title变化
wkwebview可以监控页面加载进度,类似浏览器中打开页面中的进度条的显示
页面切换的时候也会自动更新页面中设置的title,可以在实际项目中动态切换容器的title,比如根据切换的title设置navigationItem.title
原理直接通过KVO方式监听值的变化,然后在回调中处理相关逻辑
//kvo 加载进度 [self.webView addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld | NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil]; //kvo title [self.webView addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"title" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil]; /** KVO 监听具体回调**/ - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context{ if ([keyPath isEqual:@"estimatedProgress"] && object == self.webView) { ALLOGF(@"Progress--->%@",[NSNumber numberWithDouble:self.webView.estimatedProgress]); }else if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"title"] && object == self.webview){ self.navigationItem.title = self.webView.title; }else{ [super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context]; } } /**销毁时候记得移除**/ [self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))]; [self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(title))];
3.Bridge通信实战
下面介绍自己实现的bridge通信框架,前端无需关心所在容器,框架层做适配。
import {WebBridge} from 'XXX' /** * 方法: WebBridge.call(taskName,options,callback) * 参数说明: * taskName String task的名字,用于Native处理分发任务的标识 * options Object 传递的其它参数 * callback function 回调函数 *. 回调参数 * json object native返回的内容 **/ WebBridge.call("Alert",{"content":"弹框内容","btn":"btn内容"},function(json){ console.log("call back is here",JSON.stringify(json)); });
上面调用了Native的Alert控件,然后返回调用结果。
调用到的Native代码如下:
//AlertTask.m #import "AlertTask.h" #import <lib-base/ALBaseConstants.h> @interface AlertTask (){} @property (nonatomic,weak) ArleneWebViewController* mCtrl; @end @implementation AlertTask -(instancetype)initWithContext:(ArleneWebViewController*)controller{ self = [super init]; self.mCtrl = controller; return self; } -(NSString*)taskName{ return @"Alert"; } -(void)doTask:(NSDictionary*)params{ ALShowAlert(@"Title",@"message");//弹出Alert NSMutableDictionary* callback = [ArleneTaskUtils basicCallback:params];//获取callback [callback addEntriesFromDictionary:params]; [self.mCtrl callJS:callback];//执行回调 } @end
具体实现原理可以点击下方视频链接:
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