java 资源回收补救 浅谈java是怎样做资源回收补救的
xpbob 人气:0学习java的过程,我们经常谈论一个对象的回收,尤其是资源类型,如果没有显示的关闭,对象就被回收了,说明出现了资源泄漏。java本身为了防止这种情况,做了一些担保的方式,确保可以让未关闭的资源合理回收掉。
finalize回收
finalize方式是java对象被回收时触发的一个方法。java的很多资源对象,都是在finalize中写了担保的方法。
/** * Ensures that the <code>close</code> method of this file input stream is * called when there are no more references to it. * * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs. * @see java.io.FileInputStream#close() */ protected void finalize() throws IOException { if ((fd != null) && (fd != FileDescriptor.in)) { /* if fd is shared, the references in FileDescriptor * will ensure that finalizer is only called when * safe to do so. All references using the fd have * become unreachable. We can call close() */ close(); } }
上面是FileInputStream的finalize方法,在方法被调用时,会检测文件描述符是否存在,如果存在的话就调用close方法。来确保资源的回收。
finalize方法在我们学习java的时候都并不推荐进行重写,也不推荐写复杂的逻辑在里面,主要是因为gc的时候,都会调用这个方法,如果执行的内容太多,就会导致gc被拖长。影响程序的正常运行。而且这里也只是做一个简单的担保。大部分希望的还是编写代码的人可以调用close。这样在做判断的时候就结束了,而不用真正的调用关闭的代码。
Cleaner回收
在DirectByteBuffer中,使用了一个Cleaner对象进行补救的。
unsafe.setMemory(base, size, (byte) 0); if (pa && (base % ps != 0)) { // Round up to page boundary address = base + ps - (base & (ps - 1)); } else { address = base; } cleaner = Cleaner.create(this, new Deallocator(base, size, cap)); att = null;
申请完资源后,会创建一个Deallocator对象。
private static class Deallocator implements Runnable { private static Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe(); private long address; private long size; private int capacity; private Deallocator(long address, long size, int capacity) { assert (address != 0); this.address = address; this.size = size; this.capacity = capacity; } public void run() { if (address == 0) { // Paranoia return; } unsafe.freeMemory(address); address = 0; Bits.unreserveMemory(size, capacity); } }
Deallocator的run方法中就进行了资源的释放。执行的时机就是靠 Cleaner来触发的。
Cleaner是PhantomReference的子类,PhantomReference是Reference的子类。
在中有一个ReferenceHandler
private static class ReferenceHandler extends Thread {
他的run方法就是调用cleaner里的clean方法。这个线程是在静态块里启动起来的。
Thread handler = new ReferenceHandler(tg, "Reference Handler"); /* If there were a special system-only priority greater than * MAX_PRIORITY, it would be used here */ handler.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); handler.setDaemon(true); handler.start(); SharedSecrets.setJavaLangRefAccess(new JavaLangRefAccess() { @Override public boolean tryHandlePendingReference() { return tryHandlePending(false); } });
于此同时,并且给SharedSecrets设置了一个JavaLangRefAccess。
调用clean方法的过程在tryHandlePending里,这里的参数很重要。
static boolean tryHandlePending(boolean waitForNotify) { Reference<Object> r; Cleaner c; try { synchronized (lock) { if (pending != null) { r = pending; // 'instanceof' might throw OutOfMemoryError sometimes // so do this before un-linking 'r' from the 'pending' chain... c = r instanceof Cleaner ? (Cleaner) r : null; // unlink 'r' from 'pending' chain pending = r.discovered; r.discovered = null; } else { // The waiting on the lock may cause an OutOfMemoryError // because it may try to allocate exception objects. if (waitForNotify) { lock.wait(); } // retry if waited return waitForNotify; } } } catch (OutOfMemoryError x) { // Give other threads CPU time so they hopefully drop some live references // and GC reclaims some space. // Also prevent CPU intensive spinning in case 'r instanceof Cleaner' above // persistently throws OOME for some time... Thread.yield(); // retry return true; } catch (InterruptedException x) { // retry return true; }
waitForNotify是true的时候,在没有回收对象的时候,会进入阻塞,然后等ooe。外层是个死循环,就会被再次调用到,下次进来的时候就可以出发clean了。
ReferenceHandler是管理机制的一种。
还有一种就是SharedSecrets调用tryHandlePending(false)。
在另外一个类,bits里
final JavaLangRefAccess jlra = SharedSecrets.getJavaLangRefAccess(); // retry while helping enqueue pending Reference objects // which includes executing pending Cleaner(s) which includes // Cleaner(s) that free direct buffer memory while (jlra.tryHandlePendingReference()) { if (tryReserveMemory(size, cap)) { return; } }
在做reserveMemory的时候,会从SharedSecrets来调用tryHandlePending(false)。这里又变相的进行了一次回收。
小结
java回收利用两种机制。一种是finalize,一种是Cleaner。其中Cleaner一部分依赖oome触发一次回收,一部分利用reserveMemory中做一次回收。
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