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Spring Boot整合Redis的完整步骤

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前言

实际 开发 中 缓存 处理是必须的,不可能我们每次客户端去请求一次 服务器 ,服务器每次都要去 数据库 中进行查找,为什么要使用缓存?说到底是为了提高系统的运行速度。将用户频繁访问的内容存放在离用户最近,访问速度最 快的 地方,提高用户的响 应速度,今天先来讲下在 springboot 中整合 redis 的详细步骤。

一、Spring Boot对Redis的支持

Spring对Redis的支持是使用Spring Data Redis来实现的,一般使用Jedis或者lettuce(默认),Java客户端在 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis(Spring Boot 2.x) 中redis的自动配置 AutoConfigureDataRedis

 

RedisAutoConfiguration提供了RedisTemplate与StringRedisTemplate(只针对键值都是字符型的数据)模板,其中注解 @ConditionalOnMissingBean 是关键,表明该Bean如果在Spring中已经存在,则忽略,如果没有存在则在此处注册由Spring管理,也就是说我们可以“重写”该bean,实现自己的RedisTemplate与StringRedisTemplate,事实上,是要需要重写的,理由如下:

@Bean
 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(
  name = {"redisTemplate"}
 )
 public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
  RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate();
  template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
  return template;
 }

 @Bean
 @ConditionalOnMissingBean
 public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
  StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
  template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
  return template;
 }

二、实战

1、添加依赖

1)需要spring-boot-starter-cache依赖,管理缓存

<!-- Spring Boot Cache -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>

2)需要spring-boot-starter-data-redis依赖(注:spring boot 2.x改为在data下),支持redis:主要以为Jedis客户端为主,排除默认的lettuce作为客户端的依赖

<!-- Redis Cache -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
  <!-- 排除lettuce包,使用jedis代替-->
  <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
      <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
      <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
    </exclusion>
  </exclusions>
</dependency>

3)需要jedis-client依赖(注:Redis Client 3版本以上会报错与spring-boot-starter-data-redis冲突,最好使用2.9.x),使用jedis作为客户端

<!-- Redis Client 3版本以上会报错与spring-boot-starter-data-redis冲突 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
  <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
  <version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>

2、redis配置

创建RedisConfig配置类,增加@Configuration注解,同时开启缓存管理支持(添加注解@EnableCaching),继承CachingConfigurerSupport重写key生成策略

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
   /**
   * 生成key的策略:根据类名+方法名+所有参数的值生成唯一的一个key
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  @Override
  public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
    return (Object target, Method method, Object... params) -> {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      sb.append(target.getClass().getName());
      sb.append(method.getName());
      for (Object obj : params) {
        sb.append(obj.toString());
      }
      return sb.toString();
    };
  }

}

之后使用的application.yml配置文件,其中这里已经选择jedis作为客户端。

# redis 配置
 redis:
   port: 6379
   # Redis服务器连接密码(默认为空)
   password:
   host: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
   database: 0
   jedis:
    pool:
     #连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制)
     max-active: 300
     # 连接池中的最小空闲连接
     max-idle: 100
      # 连接池最大阻塞等待时间(使用负值表示没有限制)
     max-wait: 10000
     # 连接超时时间(毫秒)
     timeout: 5000

同时读取配置属性,注入JedisPoolConfig

/**
   * redis配置属性读取
   */
  @Value("${spring.redis.host}")
  private String host;
  @Value("${spring.redis.port}")
  private int port;
  @Value("${spring.redis.database}")
  private int database;
  @Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-idle}")
  private int maxIdle;
  @Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-wait}")
  private long maxWaitMillis;
  @Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-active}")
  private int maxActive;


  /**
   * JedisPoolConfig配置
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig() {
    log.info("初始化JedisPoolConfig");
    JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(maxActive);
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(maxWaitMillis);
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(maxIdle);
    return jedisPoolConfig;
  }

3、实现序列化

针对RedisTemplate或StringRedisTemplate进行序列化,同时重写注册Bean

RedisTemplate默认使用JdkSerializationRedisSerializer,StringRedisTmeplate默认使用的是StringRedisSerializer。但都是不符合实际要求的

/**
   * 重新实现RedisTemplate:解决序列化问题
   * @param redisConnectionFactory
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtype", "unchecked"})
  public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){
    RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate();
    template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
    Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
    ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
    // 设置任何字段可见
    om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
    // 设置不是final的属性可以转换
    om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
    log.info("objectMapper: {}", om);
    jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
    StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
    // key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // hash的key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    // hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    template.afterPropertiesSet();
    template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);
    return template;
  }

  /**
   * 重新实现StringRedisTmeplate:键值都是String的的数据
   * @param redisConnectionFactory
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
    StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
    Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
    template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
    StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
    // key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // hash的key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    // hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    return template;
  }

4、创建Redis连接工厂,同时注册Bean

注意Spring Boot 1.x与Spring Boot 2.x的区别,已在代码中注释表明,Spring Boot 1.x使用的是JedisConnectionFactory 。而Spring Boot 2.x使用的是RedisStandaloneConfiguration ,之后传入JedisConnectionFactory返回Bean

/**
   * 注入RedisConnectionFactory
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig) {
    log.info("初始化JedisConnectionFactory");
    /* 在Spring Boot 1.x中已经过时,采用RedisStandaloneConfiguration配置
    JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory(jedisPoolConfig);
    jedisConnectionFactory.setHostName(host);
    jedisConnectionFactory.setDatabase(database);*/

    // JedisConnectionFactory配置hsot、database、password等参数
    RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisStandaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setHostName(host);
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPort(port);
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setDatabase(database);
    // JedisConnectionFactory配置jedisPoolConfig
    JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder jedisPoolConfigBuilder =
        (JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder)JedisClientConfiguration.builder();
    jedisPoolConfigBuilder.poolConfig(jedisPoolConfig);
    return new JedisConnectionFactory(redisStandaloneConfiguration);

  }

5、完整的RedisConfig配置类

/**
 *
 * @author jian
 * @date 2019/4/14
 * @description
 * 1) RedisTemplate(或StringRedisTemplate)虽然已经自动配置,但是不灵活(第一没有序列化,第二泛型为<Object, Object>不是我们想要的类型)
 * 所以自己实现RedisTemplate或StringRedisTemplate)
 * 2) 采用RedisCacheManager作为缓存管理器
 *
 */

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {

  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisConfig.class);

  /**
   * redis配置属性读取
   */
  @Value("${spring.redis.host}")
  private String host;
  @Value("${spring.redis.port}")
  private int port;
  @Value("${spring.redis.database}")
  private int database;
  @Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-idle}")
  private int maxIdle;
  @Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-wait}")
  private long maxWaitMillis;
  @Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-active}")
  private int maxActive;


  /**
   * JedisPoolConfig配置
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig() {
    log.info("初始化JedisPoolConfig");
    JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(maxActive);
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(maxWaitMillis);
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(maxIdle);
    return jedisPoolConfig;
  }

  /**
   * 注入RedisConnectionFactory
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig) {
    log.info("初始化JedisConnectionFactory");
    /* 在Spring Boot 1.x中已经过时,采用RedisStandaloneConfiguration配置
    JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory(jedisPoolConfig);
    jedisConnectionFactory.setHostName(host);
    jedisConnectionFactory.setDatabase(database);*/

    // JedisConnectionFactory配置hsot、database、password等参数
    RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisStandaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setHostName(host);
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPort(port);
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setDatabase(database);
    // JedisConnectionFactory配置jedisPoolConfig
    JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder jedisPoolConfigBuilder =
        (JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder)JedisClientConfiguration.builder();
    jedisPoolConfigBuilder.poolConfig(jedisPoolConfig);
    return new JedisConnectionFactory(redisStandaloneConfiguration);

  }

  /**
   * 采用RedisCacheManager作为缓存管理器
   * @param connectionFactory
   */
  @Bean
  public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
    RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = RedisCacheManager.create(connectionFactory);
    return redisCacheManager;
  }


  /**
   * 生成key的策略:根据类名+方法名+所有参数的值生成唯一的一个key
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  @Override
  public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
    return (Object target, Method method, Object... params) -> {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      sb.append(target.getClass().getName());
      sb.append(method.getName());
      for (Object obj : params) {
        sb.append(obj.toString());
      }
      return sb.toString();
    };
  }

  /**
   * 重新实现RedisTemplate:解决序列化问题
   * @param redisConnectionFactory
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtype", "unchecked"})
  public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){
    RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate();
    template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
    Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
    ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
    // 设置任何字段可见
    om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
    // 设置不是final的属性可以转换
    om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
    log.info("objectMapper: {}", om);
    jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
    StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
    // key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // hash的key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    // hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    template.afterPropertiesSet();
    template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);
    return template;
  }

  /**
   * 重新实现StringRedisTmeplate:键值都是String的的数据
   * @param redisConnectionFactory
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
    StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
    Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
    template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
    StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
    // key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // hash的key采用String的序列化方式
    template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
    // value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    // hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
    template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
    return template;
  }

}

三、测试

1、编写redis工具类

虽然RedisTemplate与StringRedisTemplate模板有提供的主要数据访问方法:

但是相关比较抽象,实现起来比较复杂,有必要进一步封装,比如使用redisTmeplate中的简单value的get操作:

Object result = null;
ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
result = operations.get(key);

但是封装之后,相对客户端用户来说比较明了

/**
   * 读取缓存
   *
   * @param key
   * @return
   */
  public Object get(final String key) {
    Object result = null;
    ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
    result = operations.get(key);
    return result;
  }

完整的简单工具类如下:

@Component
public class RedisUtils {


  @Autowired
  private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

  /**
   * 批量删除对应的value
   *
   * @param keys
   */
  public void remove(final String... keys) {
    for (String key : keys) {
      remove(key);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 批量删除key
   *
   * @param pattern
   */
  public void removePattern(final String pattern) {
    Set<Serializable> keys = redisTemplate.keys(pattern);
    if (keys.size() > 0) {
      redisTemplate.delete(keys);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 删除对应的value
   *
   * @param key
   */
  public void remove(final String key) {
    if (exists(key)) {
      redisTemplate.delete(key);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 判断缓存中是否有对应的value
   *
   * @param key
   * @return
   */
  public boolean exists(final String key) {
    return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
  }

  /**
   * 读取缓存
   *
   * @param key
   * @return
   */
  public Object get(final String key) {
    Object result = null;
    ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
    result = operations.get(key);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * 写入缓存
   *
   * @param key
   * @param value
   * @return
   */
  public boolean set(final String key, Object value) {
    boolean result = false;
    try {
      ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
      operations.set(key, value);
      result = true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * 写入缓存
   *
   * @param key
   * @param value
   * @return
   */
  public boolean set(final String key, Object value, Long expireTime) {
    boolean result = false;
    try {
      ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
      operations.set(key, value);
      redisTemplate.expire(key, expireTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      result = true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return result;
  }
}

2、Person实体类

需要注意的是一定要实现序列化,并且有序列化版本ID

public class Person implements Serializable {
  private final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  private String id;
  private String name;
  private int age;
  private String gender;

  public String getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public void setId(String id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public int getAge() {
    return age;
  }

  public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }

  public String getGender() {
    return gender;
  }

  public void setGender(String gender) {
    this.gender = gender;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Person{" +
        "id='" + id + '\'' +
        ", name='" + name + '\'' +
        ", age=" + age +
        ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
        '}';
  }
}

3、编写测试类

Redis工具类Spring已经做了管理(增加@Compent注解),使用很简单,只需要注入RedisUtils即可

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RedisTest {

  @Autowired
  private RedisUtils redisUtils;

  @Test
  public void test(){
    Person person = new Person();
    person.setAge(23);
    person.setId("001");
    person.setName("Zhangsan");
    redisUtils.set("person-001", person);
    System.out.println(redisUtils.get("person-001"));
  }

}

4、测试结果

在IDE控制台中:

 

在登录客户端后查看value值

 

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对的支持。

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